The DOI matches its Crossref record; 136 of the 136 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toxicity of Heavy Metals and Recent Advances in Their Removal: A Review
Open accessAbstract
Natural and anthropogenic sources of metals in the ecosystem are perpetually increasing; consequently, heavy metal (HM) accumulation has become a major environmental concern. Human exposure to HMs has increased dramatically due to the industrial activities of the 20th century. Mercury, arsenic lead, chrome, and cadmium have been the most prevalent HMs that have caused human toxicity. Poisonings can be acute or chronic following exposure via water, air, or food. The bioaccumulation of these HMs results in a variety of toxic effects on various tissues and organs. Comparing the mechanisms of action reveals that these metals induce toxicity via similar pathways, including the production of reactive oxygen species, the inactivation of enzymes, and oxidative stress. The conventional techniques employed for the elimination of HMs are deemed inadequate when the HM concentration is less than 100 mg/L. In addition, these methods exhibit certain limitations, including the production of secondary pollutants, a high demand for energy and chemicals, and reduced cost-effectiveness. As a result, the employment of microbial bioremediation for the purpose of HM detoxification has emerged as a viable solution, given that microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria, exhibit superior biosorption and bio-accumulation capabilities. This review deals with HM uptake and toxicity mechanisms associated with HMs, and will increase our knowledge on their toxic effects on the body organs, leading to better management of metal poisoning. This review aims to enhance comprehension and offer sources for the judicious selection of microbial remediation technology for the detoxification of HMs. Microbial-based solutions that are sustainable could potentially offer crucial and cost-effective methods for reducing the toxicity of HMs.
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Citations
Cites
Heavy Metal Toxicity and the Environment
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Self-citationAli, H., Khan, E., & Ilahi, I. (2019) · Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1155/2019/6730305 · Cited by 3,238
Alengebawy, A., Abdelkhalek, S. T., Qureshi, S. R., & Wang, M.-Q. (2021) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics9030042 · Cited by 2,339
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Phytoremediation: A Promising Approach for Revegetation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Land
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Toxicity and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Ecosystem from Tannery Wastewater: A Review
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Cited by
Zhou, B., Zhang, T., & Wang, F. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13148439 · Cited by 116
El-Sheekh, M. M., El-Kassas, H. Y., & Ali, S. S. (2025) · Microbial Cell Factories · doi:10.1186/s12934-024-02638-0 · Cited by 86
Self-citationSharma, I., Sharma, S., Sharma, V., Singh, A. K., Sharma, A., Kumar, A., Singh, J., & Sharma, A. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142678 · Cited by 59
Ullah, M. H., & Rahman, M. J. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36869 · Cited by 46
“Conventionally, a sequence of treatment methods have been employed to eliminate HMs from aqueous solutions, including chemical precipitation [29], membrane separation [30], ion exchange [31], evaporation [32], reduction [33], adsorption [34], reverse osmosis [35], and so on [36,37].”
MethodHasan, M., Ashraphy, F., Akhter, S., Abrarin, S., Tazrin, J., Islam, M. A., Akbor, M. A., Al-Amin, M., Khan, M. S., & Siddique, M. A. B. (2026) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d6ra07111b
Metadata
- Authors
- Abd Elnabi, M. K., Elkaliny, N. E., Elyazied, M. M., Azab, S. H., Elkhalifa, S. A., Elmasry, S., Mouhamed, M. S., Shalamesh, E. M., Alhorieny, N. A., Abd Elaty, A. E., Elgendy, I. M., Etman, A. E., Saad, K. E., Tsigkou, K., Ali, S. S., Kornaros, M., & Mahmoud, Y. A.-G.
- Venue
- Toxics
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-07-03
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 580
- ISSN
- 2305-6304 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4383103847
- Cited by
- 521
- References
- 136
- FWCI
- 53.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Abd Elnabi, M. K., Elkaliny, N. E., Elyazied, M. M., Azab, S. H., Elkhalifa, S. A., Elmasry, S., Mouhamed, M. S., Shalamesh, E. M., Alhorieny, N. A., Abd Elaty, A. E., Elgendy, I. M., Etman, A. E., Saad, K. E., Tsigkou, K., Ali, S. S., Kornaros, M., & Mahmoud, Y. A.-G. (2023). Toxicity of Heavy Metals and Recent Advances in Their Removal: A Review. Toxics. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070580
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
