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Cited by 19Dark Matter and Cosmic PhenomenaStellar, planetary, and galactic studiesGalaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena

Reanalysis of the MACHO Constraints on PBH in the Light of Gaia DR3 Data

Open access
García-Bellido, Juan, Hawkins, Michael·2024·Universe
DOI 10.3390/universe10120449
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Abstract

The recent astrometric data of hundreds of millions of stars from Gaia DR3 has allowed for a precise determination of the Milky Way rotation curve up to 28 kpc. The data suggest a rapid decline in the density of dark matter beyond 19 kpc. We fit the whole rotation curve with four components (gas, disk, bulge, and halo), and compute the microlensing optical depth to the Large Magellanic Cloud. With this model of the galaxy we reanalyse the microlensing events of the MACHO and EROS-2 Collaborations. Using the published MACHO efficiency function for the duration of their survey, together with the rate of expected events according to the new density profile, we find that the Dark Matter halo could be composed of up to 20% of massive compact halo objects for any mass between 0.001 to 1M⊙. For the EROS-2 survey, using a modified efficiency curve for consistency with the MACHO analysis, we also find compatibility with a MACHO halo, but with a tighter constraint around 0.005M⊙ where the halo fraction cannot be larger than ∼10%. This result assumes that all the lenses have the same mass. If these were distributed in an extended mass function like that of the Thermal History Model, the constraints are weakened, allowing 100% of all DM in the form of Primordial Black Holes.

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Crossref · 10.3390/universe10120449

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  • García-Bellido & Hawkins (2024) found that adopting the Jiao et al. density profile allows a fraction of MACHOs up to 20% for masses 10^-3 - 1 M⊙, relaxing the earlier tight constraints.

    “García-Bellido & Hawkins (2024) found that adopting the Jiao et al. density profile allows a fraction of massive compact halo objects (MACHOs) up to 20% for masses 10 -3 -1 M ⊙ -relaxing the earlier tight constraints.”

    From The rotation curve of the Milky Way: State of the art, the Keplerian decline debate, and implications for dark matter (2026) · cites this paper as García-Bellido & Hawkins (2024)

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Authors
García-Bellido, J., & Hawkins, M.
Affiliations
  • Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
  • Royal Observatory (GB)
Corresponding author
García-Bellido, Juan
ORCID
Venue
Universe
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-12-06
Volume
10
Issue
12
Pages
449
ISSN
2218-1997 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/universe10120449
OpenAlex
W4405107111
Cited by
19
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 2
FWCI
1.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Universe (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
Funders
  • MICINN [FEDER] (PID2021-123012NB-C43, CEX2020-001007-S)
  • Spanish Research Agency (Agencia Estatal de Investigación) (PID2021-123012NB-C43, CEX2020-001007-S)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Keywords
primordial black holes, MACHOs, EROS-2, gravitational microlensing, Milky Way rotation curve, halo density profiles, microlensing optical depth, Large Magellanic Cloud, microlensing event rate, Gaia DR3 astrometry

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