GPs’ experiences of dealing with parents bereaved by suicide: A qualitative study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Suicide prevention is an NHS priority in England. Bereavement by suicide is a risk factor for suicide, but the needs of those bereaved by suicide have not been addressed, and little is known about how GPs support these patients, and how they deal with this aspect of their work. AIM: This study explores the experiences of GPs dealing with parents bereaved by suicide. DESIGN AND SETTING: Qualitative study using interviews with 13 GPs in the UK. METHOD: Parents, whose adult offspring had died by suicide between 2002 and 2012, were recruited and gave the name of their GP to be invited for interview. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The topic guide explored experiences of dealing with suicide and bereavement. Data were analysed thematically using constant comparison techniques. RESULTS: GPs described mental health as 'part and parcel' of primary care, but disclosed low confidence in dealing with suicide and an unpreparedness to face parents bereaved by suicide. Some GPs described guilt surrounding the suicide, and a reluctance to initiate contact with the bereaved parents. GPs talked of their duty to care for the bereaved patients, but admitted difficulties in knowing what to do, particularly in the perceived absence of other services. GPs reflected on the impact of the suicide on themselves and described a lack of support or supervision. CONCLUSION: GPs need to feel confident and competent to support parents bereaved by suicide. Although this may be facilitated through training initiatives, and accessible services to refer parents to, GPs also require formal support and supervision, particularly around significant events such as suicide. Results from this qualitative study have informed the development of evidence-based suicide bereavement training for health professionals.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
General practitioners report a lack of training and confidence in how to respond after suicide, despite bereaved people viewing their GP as a key source of support.
“For their own part, general practitioners (GP) report a lack of training and confidence in how to respond after suicide, despite bereaved people viewing their GP as a key source of support [23,24].”
From Support Needs and Experiences of People Bereaved by Suicide: Qualitative Findings from a Cross-Sectional British Study of Bereaved Young Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
The Results report low GP confidence, and Implications for research and practice says most felt uncertain how to respond because of a lack of training. The Conclusion says bereaved individuals are reliant on their GP or third-sector services for care, but this study of GPs’ experiences does not establish that bereaved people themselves view their GP as a key source of support. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOur qualitative findings regarding others' avoidance complement those of a British qualitative study of GPs, in which reported hesitance in offering support to suicide-bereaved parents was explained by guilt and a lack of confidence in knowing what to say.
“Our qualitative findings regarding others' avoidance complement those of a British qualitative study of GPs, in which reported hesitance in offering support to suicide-bereaved parents was explained by guilt and a lack of confidence in knowing what to say (Foggin et al., 2016).”
From The stigma associated with bereavement by suicide and other sudden deaths: A qualitative interview study (2018) · cites this paper as Foggin et al., 2016
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Using thematic analysis in psychology
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa · Cited by 194,414 · see citing works
(2006) · Cited by 18,730 · see citing works
(1998) · Cited by 13,501 · see citing works
Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects
Shenton, A. K. (2004) · Education for Information · doi:10.3233/efi-2004-22201 · Cited by 9,748 · see citing works
Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes.
Joffe, C. E., Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1996) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2077613 · Cited by 5,152 · see citing works
A Purposeful Approach to the Constant Comparative Method in the Analysis of Qualitative Interviews
Boeije, H. (2002) · Quality and Quantity · doi:10.1023/a:1020909529486 · Cited by 3,073 · see citing works
Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes, Second Edition
Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (2011) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226206868.001.0001 · Cited by 3,012 · see citing works
Grief Counseling and Grief Therapy
Worden, J. W. (2008) · Springer Publishing Company eBooks · doi:10.1891/9780826101211 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
College of General Practitioners
Abercrombie, G. F., Hughes, H. L. G., & Hunt, J. H. (1954) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4857.336-c · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Effects of suicide bereavement on mental health and suicide risk
Pitman, A., Osborn, D., King, M., & Erlangsen, A. (2014) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70224-x · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Suicide survivors’ mental health and grief reactions: A systematic review of controlled studies
Sveen, C., & Walby, F. A. (2008) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2008.38.1.13 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness
Appleby, L., Shaw, J. J., & Amos, T. (1997) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.170.2.101 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Self-citationDo Suicide Survivors Suffer Social Stigma: A Review of the Literature
Cvinar, J. G. (2005) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/j.0031-5990.2005.00004.x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Suicide bereavement and complicated grief
Tal Young, I., Iglewicz, A., Glorioso, D., Lanouette, N., Seay, K., Ilapakurti, M., & Zisook, S. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.2/iyoung · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Kjeldmand, D., & Holmström, I. K. (2008) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.813 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
PARENTAL BEREAVEMENT: THE CRISIS OF MEANING
Wheeler, I. (2001) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180126147 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Common mental health disorders : identification and pathways to care
Excellence, C. (2011) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Estimating the population of survivors of suicide: Seeking an evidence base
Berman, A. L. (2011) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2010.00009.x · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Mental health and stress in the workplace: the case of general practice in the UK
Calnan, M., Wainwright, D. W., Forsythe, M., Wall, B., & Almond, S. (2001) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00155-6 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Primary care contact prior to suicide in individuals with mental illness
Pearson, A., Saini, P., Cruz, D. D., Miles, C., While, D., Swinson, N., Williams, A., Shaw, J. J., Appleby, L., & Kapur, N. (2009) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp09x472881 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationInterventions for people bereaved through suicide: systematic review
McDaid, C., Trowman, R., Golder, S., Hawton, K., & Sowden, A. (2008) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040824 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
de Groot, M., de Keijser, J., Neeleman, J., Kerkhof, A., Nolen, W., & Burger, H. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39161.457431.55 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Touch in primary care consultations: qualitative investigation of doctors’ and patients’ perceptions
Cocksedge, S., George, B., Renwick, S., & Chew-Graham, C. A. (2013) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp13x665251 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationHAZZARD, A. P., Weston, J., & GUTTERRES, C. (1992) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-199202000-00006 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Effective supervision in social work and social care.
Carpenter, J. S. W., Webb, C., Bostock, L., & Coomber, C. (2012) · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Interventions for Risk for Suicide and Risk for Violence
Smochek, M. R., Oblaczynski, C., Lauck, D. L., Green, P. T., Early, J. A., & Smith, J. E. (2000) · International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications · doi:10.1111/j.1744-618x.2000.tb00391.x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Stress in undergraduate medical education: 'the mask of relaxed brilliance'.
Styles, W. M. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Helping people bereaved by suicide
Hawton, K. E., & Simkin, S. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7408.177 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Experiences of family members after a suicide.
Dongen, C. J. V. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The impact of patient suicide on rural general practitioners.
Halligan, P., & Corcoran, P. E. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Aftermath of a Patient's Suicide: A Case Study
Valente, S. M. (2008) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2003.tb00669.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Cleiren, M. P. H. D., Grad, O. T., Zavasnik, A., & Diekstra, R. F. W. (1996) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09822.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Nonresident Suicides in England: A National Study
Windfuhr, K. L., Bickley, H., While, D., Williams, A., Hunt, I. M., Appleby, L., & Kapur, N. (2010) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2010.40.2.151 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationSwedish Swing: The Sixth European Symposium on Suicide and Suicidal Behaviour, Lund
de Wilde, E. J. (1996) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910.17.3.136a · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Survivors of a Family Member??s Suicide
Dongen, C. J. V. (1991) · The Nurse Practitioner · doi:10.1097/00006205-199107000-00012 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Aggression as a natural part of suicide bereavement.
Tekavcic-Grad, O., & Zavasnik, A. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
BMA must “act now” on stress and burnout, say doctors
Jaques, H. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f4154 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Setting up group supervision in general practice
Porteous, D. J., & Atkins, S. E. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g131 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- McDonnell S. A study to identify the experiences of parents bereaved by suicide of undetermined death. (Unpublished thesis). University of Manchester, Manchester, 2006. Available at Joule Library: Theses (Th27810).
- Tekavcic-Grad O. Suicide: how to survive as a survivor. Crisis 1996; 17(3): 136- 142.
- Rando T. The unique issues and impact of the death of a child. In: Parental loss of a child. Champaign, IL: Research Press, 1986: 5-40.
- Pritchard C. Suicide -the ultimate rejection? A psychosocial study. St Buckingham: Open University Press, 1995.
- Farberow NL. The mental health professional as a suicide survivor. Clin Neuropsych 2005; 2(1): 13-20.
- Hopkins S. What is a Balint group? J Balint Society 1994; 22: 36-37.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pitman, A. L., Stevenson, F., Osborn, D. P. J., & King, M. B. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.035 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Pitman, A., De Souza, T., Khrisna Putri, A., Stevenson, F., King, M., Osborn, D., & Morant, N. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15040666 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Wainwright, V., Cordingley, L., Chew-Graham, C. A., Kapur, N., Shaw, J. J., Smith, S., McGale, B., & Mcdonnell, S. (2020) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp20x707849 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationNelson, P. A., Cordingley, L., Kapur, N., Chew-Graham, C. A., Shaw, J. J., Smith, S., McGale, B., & Mcdonnell, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00722 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationCoughlan, B., Duschinsky, R., O'Connor, M., & Woolgar, M. (2020) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13098 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Parents of Adolescents Who Experience Suicidal Phenomena—A Scoping Review of Their Experience
Rheinberger, D., Shand, F., McGillivray, L., McCallum, S. M., & Boydell, K. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20136227 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Kaspersen, S. L., Kalseth, J., Stene‐Larsen, K., & Reneflot, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610016 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Jego-Sablier, M., Debaty, E., Ouirini, L., Carrier, H., & Beetlestone, E. (2018) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmy107 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Supporting bereavement and complicated grief in primary care: a realist review
Pearce, C., Wong, G., Kuhn, I. L., & Barclay, S. I. G. (2021) · BJGP Open · doi:10.3399/bjgpo.2021.0008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Impact Of Patient Suicide on Doctors and Nurses: A Critical Interpretive Meta-Synthesis
Malik, S., Gunn, S., & Robertson, N. (2021) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.1885533 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pitman, A., Hunt, I. M., Mcdonnell, S., Appleby, L., & Kapur, N. (2016) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201600004 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationRecommendations for research on suicide loss: A commentary
Neimeyer, R. A., Cerel, J., & Maple, M. J. (2017) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2017.1335555 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“It’s a Living Experience”: Bereavement by Suicide in Later Life
Hafford-Letchfield, T., Hanna, J., Grant, E., Ryder-Davies, L., Cogan, N., Goodman, J., Rasmussen, S., & Martin, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19127217 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pitman, A., Khrisna Putri, A., Kennedy, N., De Souza, T., King, M., & Osborn, D. (2016) · Bereavement Care · doi:10.1080/02682621.2016.1254457 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mcdonnell, S., Nelson, P. A., Leonard, S., McGale, B., Chew-Graham, C. A., Kapur, N., Shaw, J. J., Smith, S., & Cordingley, L. (2020) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000646 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationFeigelman, W. T., Sanford, R., & Cerel, J. (2017) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222817742822 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Scupham, S., & Goss, S. (2020) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12288 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Inoue, K., Seksenbayev, N., Chaizhunusova, N., Moldagaliyev, T., Ospanova, N., Tokesheva, S., Е.Т., Ж., Takeichi, N., Noso, Y., Hoshi, M., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18136992 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Towards an Evidence-Based Model of Workplace Postvention
Clements, A., Nicholas, A., Martin, K., & Young, S. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010142 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Identifying Suicide and Self-Harm Research Priorities in North West England.
Saini, P., Clements, C., Gardner, K., Chopra, J., Latham, C., Kumar, R., & Taylor, P. (2021) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000757 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
General practitioners’ needs for support after the suicide of patient: A qualitative study
Pavlič, D. R., Treven, M., Maksuti, A., Švab, I., & Grad, O. T. (2018) · European Journal of General Practice · doi:10.1080/13814788.2018.1485648 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Pritchard, C., Hansen, L., Dray, R., & Sharif, J. (2023) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.1974624 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A qualitative study exploring the process of postmortem brain tissue donation after suicide
Padoan, C. S., Garcia, L. F., Crespo, K. C., Longaray, V. K., Martini, M., Contessa, J. C., Kapczinski, F. P., de Oliveira, F. H., Goldim, J. R., & Magalhães, P. V. D. S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-08729-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Suicide bereavement support: a literature review.
Griffin, E., & McMahon, E. M. (2019) · HRB National Drugs Library (Health Research Board) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bjornsdottir, E. A., Sigurdardottir, S., & Halldorsdottir, S. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.13289 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Psychopathological and Psychosocial Repercussions of Suicide in the Family
Sales, A. P., da Silva, T. P. S., Sougey, É. B., & Filho, J. W. S. C. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573400515666190114155014 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Indonesian Suicide Loss Survivors’ Perceived Facilitators and Barriers to Self-Healing
Putri, A. K., Nareswari, A., Armstrong, G., Setiyawati, D., & Andriessen, K. (2025) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2025.2458495 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Case report on the multiple pathways to posttraumatic stress disorder following suicide
Padoan, C. S., Cardoso, T. D. A., Martini, M., Farias, C. D. A., Contessa, J. C., & Magalhães, P. V. D. S. (2019) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2019.1572675 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Davis, M. C. (2016) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp16x688117 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dauhoo, F., Gratton, J., Fuller, J., & Nolte, L. (2022) · Illness Crisis & Loss · doi:10.1177/10541373221113005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ethnic Minority Groups’ Experiences of Suicide Bereavement: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
Rivart, P., Wainwright, V., Flynn, S., Hunt, I. M., Shaw, J., Smith, S., McGale, B., & McDonnell, S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182211860 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMcAnee, G., Norwood, K., & Leavey, G. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077940 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Riley, R. A., Spiers, J., Causer, H., Maben, J., Chew-Graham, C. A., Efstathiou, N., Göpfert, A., Grayling, K., & van Hove, M. (2025) · Health and Social Care Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/gfta1212 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationWallace-Hanlon, S., Stewart, K. G., Okafor-Sholaja, N., Peck, S., Fonagy, P., Campbell, C., & Simes, E. (2026) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2026.2626553 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cole‐King, A., & O’Neill, S. M. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781911623038.009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hemorrhagic Shock Every other Day
Marques, J. (2020) · American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research · doi:10.34297/ajbsr.2020.07.001131
Pritchard, C. W. (2021) · American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research · doi:10.34297/ajbsr.2021.11.001700
Psychological experiences of suicide bereavement by family members in Limpopo Province
Mokgoadi, B. D. (2020)
Autism Spectrum Disorders in the work of General Practitioners: a systematic narrative reviewPreprint
Coughlan, B., Duschinsky, R., O'Connor, M., & Woolgar, M. (2019) · doi:10.21203/rs.2.17270/v1
Krefjandi lífsreynsla og flókin sorg: Að lifa af sjálfsvíg dóttur eða sonar
Björnsdóttir, E. Á., Sigurdardottir, S. L., & Halldórsdóttir, S. (2024) · Tímarit hjúkrunarfræðinga · doi:10.33112/th.100.1.1
Postvention Following Bereavement by Suicide
Pitman, A., & Hawton, K. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108963763.017
Gibson, M., Kokab, F., & Williams, S. J. (2026) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-026-01384-x
Wallace-Hanlon, S., Stewart, K. G., Okafor-Sholaja, N., Peck, S., Fonagy, P., Campbell, C., & Simes, E. (2026) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2026.2705379
Loss of human life by suicide – lived experiences of suicide survivors and professionals
Nilsson, C., Bremer, A., Blomberg, K., & Bergdahl, E. (2026) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2026.2713239
Kalseth, J., Kaspersen, S. L., Bélanger, S. M., Stene-Larsen, K., Reneflot, A., Erlangsen, A., Hauge, L. J., & das Nair, R. (2026) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-026-03221-1
- Authors
- Foggin, E., McDonnell, S., Cordingley, L., Kapur, N., Shaw, J., & Chew-Graham, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Keele University (GB)
- Venue
- British Journal of General Practice
- Published
- 2016-08-15
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 651
- Pages
- e737-e746
- ISSN
- 0960-1643 (ISSN-L)
- 1478-5242
- PMC
- PMC5033310
- OpenAlex
- W2514018809
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 6.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of General Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Keele Research Repository (Keele University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (WMCLAHRC-2014-1, PB-PG-0110-21047)
- Research for Patient Benefit Programme
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Keywords
- suicide bereavement, parents of suicide victims, general practitioners, GP experiences, suicide prevention, primary care mental health, referral services
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Bereavement, Education, Medical, Continuing, England, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Parents, Physician-Patient Relations, Suicide, Qualitative Research, Evidence-Based Practice, General Practitioners, General Practice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
