Cognitive behaviour therapy to prevent complicated grief among relatives and spouses bereaved by suicide: cluster randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of a family based grief counselling programme to prevent complicated grief among first degree relatives and spouses of someone who had committed suicide. DESIGN: Cluster randomised controlled trial with follow-up at 13 months after the suicide. SETTING: General practices in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: 122 first degree relatives and spouses of 70 people who committed suicide; 39 families (68 participants) were allocated to intervention, 31 families (54 participants) to control. INTERVENTION: A family based, cognitive behaviour counselling programme of four sessions with a trained psychiatric nurse counsellor between three to six months after the suicide. Control participants received usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self report complicated grief. Secondary outcomes were the presence of maladaptive grief reactions, depression, suicidal ideation, and perceptions of being to blame for the suicide. RESULTS: The intervention was not associated with a reduction in complicated grief (mean difference -0.61, 95% confidence interval -6.05 to 4.83; P=0.82). Secondary outcomes were not affected either. When adjusted for baseline inequalities, the intervention reduced the risk of perceptions of being to blame (odds ratio 0.18, 0.05 to 0.67; P=0.01) and maladaptive grief reactions (0.39, 0.15 to 1.01; P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: A cognitive behaviour grief counselling programme for families bereaved by suicide did not reduce the risk of complicated grief or suicidal ideation or the level of depression. The programme may help to prevent maladaptive grief reactions and perceptions of blame among first degree relatives and spouses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN66473618.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Seven studies used a randomized design; only one applied an intention-to-treat analysis.
“Seven studies used a randomized design; however, only one applied an intention-to-treat analysis [41, 42].”
From Effectiveness of interventions for people bereaved through suicide: a systematic review of controlled studies of grief, psychosocial and suicide-related outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [41]
The Statistical analyses section says this cluster-randomised trial analysed intervention effects on an intention-to-treat basis. It does not establish that seven studies were randomised or that this was the only one to use intention-to-treat analysis; no page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe other three studies were conducted in the Netherlands, Australia, and Belgium.
“The other three were conducted in the Netherlands [41, 42], Australia [43], and Belgium [44].”
Six studies included an active control group or a treatment-as-usual control condition.
“Six studies included an active control group [33–35, 37, 40] or a treatment-as-usual control condition [41, 42].”
Three studies evaluated family-oriented interventions, and two examined individual interventions.
“Three studies evaluated family-oriented interventions [38, 41, 42, 44], and two examined individual interventions [37, 40].”
De Groot et al. found no differences between a 4-session family-based psychotherapy and treatment-as-usual on measures of complicated grief, although there was a trend towards reduced maladaptive grief reaction and perceptions of being to blame for the death.
“De Groot et al. [41] found no differences between a 4-session family-based psychotherapy and treatment-as-usual on measures of complicated grief, although there was a trend towards reduced maladaptive grief reaction and perceptions of being to blame for the death.”
Several studies involved manualised interventions.
“Several studies involved manualised interventions [37, 38, 40–42].”
De Groot et al. found no differences between family-based psychotherapy and treatment-as-usual on measures of suicidal ideation.
“De Groot et al. [41] found no differences between family-based psychotherapy and treatment-as-usual on measures of suicidal ideation.”
De Groot et al. in a study of a family CBT grief counseling program did not report lower levels of complicated grief.
“Nonetheless, De Groot et al. [41] in a study of a family CBT grief counseling program did not report lower levels of complicated grief.”
These three studies were relatively recent RCTs and evaluated effectiveness of a CBT-based psychotherapy intervention.
“Of interest, these three studies were relatively recent RCTs and evaluated effectiveness of a CBT-based psychotherapy intervention [40, 41, 44].”
It remains unclear which intervention modalities delivered in particular settings, such as schools, participants' own homes or clinical settings, are most helpful for suicide survivors across a range of age, gender and/or national/cultural groups.
“It also remains unclear which intervention modalities delivered in particular settings, such as schools [43], participants’ own homes [41, 44] or clinical settings [40], are most helpful for suicide survivors across a range of age, gender and/or national/cultural groups.”
The use of manuals or guidelines may help guiding the intervention.
“The use of manuals or guidelines may help guiding the intervention [37, 38, 40–42].”
Other RCTs also failed to find positive effects on complicated grief outcomes.
“Other RCTs [40, 41] also failed to find positive effects on complicated grief outcomes.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements
Vickers, A. J., & Altman, D. G. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7321.1123 · Cited by 2,116 · see citing works
Treatment of Complicated Grief: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Shear, K., Frank, E., Houck, P. R., & Reynolds, C. F. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.293.21.2601 · Cited by 1,097 · see citing works
Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care.
(2001) · doi:10.1037/10436-000 · Cited by 947 · see citing works
Suicidal Feelings in the General Population: A Prevalence Study
Paykel, E. S., Myers, J. K., Lindenthal, J. J., & Tanner, J. (1974) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.124.5.460 · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Traumatic grief as a risk factor for mental and physical morbidity
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.5.616 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Prigerson, H., & Jacobs, S. (2001) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10436-026 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Consensus criteria for traumatic grief: A preliminary empirical test
Prigerson, H. G., Shear, M. K., Jacobs, S. C., Reynolds, C. F., Maciejewski, P. K., Davidson, J. R. T., Rosenheck, R., Pilkonis, P. A., Wortman, C. B., Williams, J. B. W., et al. (1999) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.174.1.67 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
A Cognitive-Behavioral Conceptualization of Complicated Grief.
Boelen, P. A., van den Hout, M. A., & van den Bout, J. (2006) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2006.00013.x · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Latham, A. E., & Prigerson, H. G. (2004) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.34.4.350.53737 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Is Suicide Bereavement Different? A Reassessment of the Literature
Jordan, J. R. (2001) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.31.1.91.21310 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Complicated Grief: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Wagner, B., Knaevelsrud, C., & Maercker, A. (2006) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180600614385 · Cited by 376 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Several studies have shown that such therapy has beneficial effects in the treatment of complicated grief.”
BackgroundFamily Focused Grief Therapy: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Palliative Care and Bereavement
Kissane, D. W., McKenzie, M., Bloch, S., Moskowitz, C., McKenzie, D. P., & O’Neill, I. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.7.1208 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Family history of suicide among suicide victims.
Runeson, B., & Åsberg, M. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1525 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Handbook of bereavement research
Stroebe, M., Hansson, R. O., Stroebe, W., & Schut, H. A. W. (2001) · Cited by 233 · see citing works
REPORT ON BEREAVEMENT AND GRIEF RESEARCH
Genevro, J., Marshall, T., & Miller, T. (2004) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180490461188 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE DUTCH VERSION OF THE INVENTORY OF TRAUMATIC GRIEF (ITG)
BOELEN, P. A., DEN BOUT, J. V., DE KEIJSER, J., & HOIJTINK, H. (2003) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180302889 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Interventions for suicide survivors: A review of the literature
Jordan, J. R., & McMenamy, J. (2004) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.34.4.337.53742 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The Broken Heart: Suicidal Ideation in Bereavement
Stroebe, M., Stroebe, W., & Abakoumkin, G. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.11.2178 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
de Groot, M. H., de Keijser, J., & Neeleman, J. (2006) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2006.36.4.418 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationHelping people bereaved by suicide
Hawton, K. E., & Simkin, S. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7408.177 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Grief and cognitive–behavioral therapy: The reconstruction of meaning.
Fleming, S., & Robinson, P. J. (2001) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10436-027 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lester, D. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203778180 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Complicated Grief: Assessment, Theory, and Treatment
van den Bout, J., de Ruiter, C., & Boelen, P. A. (2002) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lester, D. (2013) · doi:10.4324/9780203778180-19 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Prigerson HG, Shear MK, Jacobs SC, Reynolds CF, Maciejewski PK, Davidson JR, et al. Consensus criteria for traumatic grief. Br J Psychiatry 1999;174:67-73.
- Huber PJ. Robust statistics: a review. Ann Stat 1972;43:1041.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Complicated grief and related bereavement issues for DSM-5
Shear, M. K., Simon, N. M., Wall, M. M., Zisook, S., Neimeyer, R. A., Duan, N., Reynolds, C. F., Lebowitz, B. D., Sung, S. C., Ghesquiere, A., et al. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20780 · Cited by 1,022 · see citing works
A cognitive model of suicidal behavior: theory and treatment
Wenzel, A., & Beck, A. T. (2008) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2008.05.001 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Currier, J. M., Neimeyer, R. A., & Berman, J. S. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.5.648 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
The prevention and treatment of complicated grief: a meta-analysis
Wittouck, C., Van Autreve, S., De Jaegere, E., Portzky, G., & van Heeringen, K. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.005 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Andriessen, K., Krysinska, K., Hill, N. T. M., Reifels, L., Robinson, J., Reavley, N., & Pirkis, J. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2020-z · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Austin, P. C., Manca, A., Zwarenstein, M., Juurlink, D. N., & Stanbrook, M. B. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.002 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Taboo and the different death? Perceptions of those bereaved by suicide or other traumatic death
Chapple, A., Ziebland, S., & Hawton, K. (2015) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12224 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Grief interventions for people bereaved by suicide: a systematic review
Linde, K., Treml, J., Steinig, J., Nagl, M., & Kersting, A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179496 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Interventions for people bereaved through suicide: systematic review
McDaid, C., Trowman, R., Golder, S., Hawton, K., & Sowden, A. (2008) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040824 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Smelt, A. F., van der Weele, G. M., Blom, J. W., Gussekloo, J., & Assendelft, W. J. (2010) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp10x514819 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Diagnostic and clinical considerations in prolonged grief disorder
Maercker, A. R. A., & Lalor, J. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.2/amaercker · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Cognition and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: a systematic review of longitudinal studies
Cha, C. B., Wilson, K. M., Tezanos, K. M., DiVasto, K. A., & Tolchin, G. K. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.07.002 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Cerel, J., Padgett, J. H., Conwell, Y., & Reed, G. A. (2009) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2009.39.3.269 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Commentary on the Inclusion of Persistent Complex Bereavement-Related Disorder in DSM-5
Boelen, P. A., & Prigerson, H. G. (2012) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2012.706982 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Concepts and Controversies in Grief and Loss
Howarth, R. A. (2011) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.33.1.900m56162888u737 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
de Groot, M., & Kollen, B. J. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f5519 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Guilt in Bereavement: A Review and Conceptual Framework
Li, J., Stroebe, M., Chan, C., & Chow, A. Y. M. (2013) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2012.738770 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Guilt in bereavement: Its relationship with complicated grief and depression
Li, J., Tendeiro, J. N., & Stroebe, M. (2018) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12483 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Assisting the bereaved: A systematic review of the evidence for grief counselling
Waller, A. E., Turon, H., Mansfield, E. L., Clark, K., Hobden, B., & Sanson‐Fisher, R. (2015) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216315588728 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Counselling for mental health and psychosocial problems in primary care
Bower, P., Knowles, S. E., Coventry, P. A., & Rowland, N. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001025.pub3 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Cognitive behavioral therapy for suicidal behaviors: improving patient outcomes
Mewton, L., & Andrews, G. (2016) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s84589 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Leavey, K., & Hawkins, R. M. F. (2017) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2017.1332095 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Stigma and psychological distress in suicide survivors
Scocco, P., Preti, A., Totaro, S., Ferrari, A., & Toffol, E. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.12.016 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Maercker, A., & Znoj, H. (2010) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v1i0.5558 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Lu, W., Yanos, P. T., Silverstein, S. M., Mueser, K. T., Rosenberg, S. D., Gottlieb, J. D., Marcello, S. C., Kularatne, T., Dove‐Williams, S., Paterno, D., et al. (2013) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21791 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Wittouck, C., Van Autreve, S., Portzky, G., & van Heeringen, K. (2014) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000252 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
GPs’ experiences of dealing with parents bereaved by suicide: A qualitative study
Foggin, E., McDonnell, S., Cordingley, L., Kapur, N., Shaw, J., & Chew-Graham, C. A. (2016) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp16x686605 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Recent trends in the treatment of prolonged grief
Mancini, A. D., Griffin, P. W., & Bonanno, G. A. (2011) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32834de48a · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Currier, J. M., Holland, J. M., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2010) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2010.3.1.77 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Wainwright, V., Cordingley, L., Chew-Graham, C. A., Kapur, N., Shaw, J. J., Smith, S., McGale, B., & Mcdonnell, S. (2020) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp20x707849 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Reclaiming and Reshaping Life: Patterns of Reconstruction After the Suicide of a Loved One
Dransart, D. A. C. (2016) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732316637590 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
de Groot, M., Neeleman, J., van der Meer, K., & Burger, H. (2010) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2010.40.5.425 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationSchneider, B., Grebner, K., Schnabel, A., & Georgi, K. (2011) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000081 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Short-term group therapies for complicated grief: Two research-based models.
Piper, W. E., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Joyce, A. S., & Weideman, R. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12344-000 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Nakagawa, M., Kawanishi, C., Yamada, T., Iwamoto, Y., Sato, R., Hasegawa, H., Morita, S., Odawara, T., & Hirayasu, Y. (2009) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-9-32 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Li, J., Stroebe, M., Chan, C., & Chow, A. Y. M. (2015) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222815612309 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Newsom, C., Schut, H., Stroebe, M., Wilson, S., Birrell, J., Moerbeek, M., & Eisma, M. (2017) · Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2113 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Complicated grief after bereavement
Hawton, K. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39206.507488.be · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Davis, E. L., Deane, F. P., & Lyons, G. C. B. (2016) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2015.1122677 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Komplike Yas: Epidemiyoloji, Klinik Özellikler, Değerlendirme ve Tanı
Enez, Ö. (2018) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.358110 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Efficacy of an online-group intervention after suicide bereavement: A randomized controlled trial
Wagner, B., Grafiadeli, R., Schäfer, T., & Hofmann, L. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100542 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Evaluation of a Resource for People Bereaved by Suicide
Hawton, K. E., Sutton, L., Simkin, S., Walker, D., Stacey, G., Waters, K., & Rees, S. (2012) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000145 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Zavrou, R., Charalambous, A., Papastavrou, E., Koutrouba, A., & Karanikola, M. N. K. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12866 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Wagner, B., Hofmann, L., & Maaß, U. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3891-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Participants with Prolonged Grief—How Do They Benefit from Grief Group Participation?
Johnsen, I., Dyregrov, A., & Dyregrov, K. (2012) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.65.2.a · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Disaggregating the SWOT Analysis of Marine Renewable Energies
Goffetti, G., Montini, M., Volpe, F., Gigliotti, M., Pulselli, F. M., Sannino, G., & Marchettini, N. (2018) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2018.00138 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Williams, J. L., & Rheingold, A. A. (2018) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222818766138 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ramchand, R., Ayer, L. A., Fisher, G., Osilla, K. C., Barnes‐Proby, D., & Wertheimer, S. R. (2015) · Rand health quarterly · doi:10.7249/rhq-05-02-20 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Yasın Aile Üzerine Etkilerini Azaltmak İçin Uygulanan Yas Destek Programları
Arslan, B. Ş., & Buldukoğlu, K. (2019) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.444297 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Aluri, J., Haddad, J. M., Parke, S., Schwartz, V., Joshi, S. V., Menon, M., & Conrad, R. C. (2023) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-023-01431-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
An Open Trial of Skills for Psychological Recovery for Sudden Loss Survivors
Williams, J. L., Hardt, M. M., Henschel, A. V., Jamison, J. R., Brymer, M. J., & Rheingold, A. A. (2022) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2022.06.003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A Review of Peer Support for Suicide Bereavement as a Postvention Alternative
Rawlinson, D., Schiff, J. W., & Barlow, C. A. (2009) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bardideh, F., Jarareh, J., Mofrad, M., & Bardideh, K. (2022) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228221141126 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Addressing psychological distress in people bereaved through suicide: From care to cure
Scocco, P., Idotta, C., Totaro, S., & Preti, A. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113869 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Minamizono, S., Motohashi, Y., Yamaji, M., & Kaneko, Y. (2008) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-334 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
de Groot, M., van der Meer, K., & Burger, H. (2009) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmp046 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationPostvention for African American families following a loved one’s suicide.
Kaslow, N. J., Ivey-Stephenson, A. Z., Berry-Mitchell, F. L., Franklin, K. J., & Bethea, K. S. (2009) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0014023 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Complicated grief in Aboriginal populations
Spiwak, R. P., Sareen, J., Elias, B., Martens, P., Munro, G., & Bolton, J. M. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.2/rspiwak · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Help is at hand for people bereaved by suicide and other traumatic death
Hawton, K. E., Simkin, S., & Rees, S. (2008) · Psychiatric Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.bp.107.018242 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Romero-Moreno, J. C., Cantero-García, M., Arco, A. H.-D., Izquierdo-Sotorrío, E., Rueda-Extremera, M., & González-Moreno, J. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14090791 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Psychotherapy-Based Interventions for Complicated Grief: A Systematic Review
Enez, Ö. (2017) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.295017 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Salom, R., Layrón, J. E., Neimeyer, R. A., & Pérez, S. (2024) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2024.2438412 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Pereira, M., Dyregrov, K., Hauken, M. A., Senneseth, M., & Dyregrov, A. (2016) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.5765 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wirksamkeit von Interventionen für Hinterbliebene nach einem Suizid: ein Systematischer Review
Wagner, B., Hofmann, L., & Grafiadeli, R. (2020) · Psychiatrische Praxis · doi:10.1055/a-1182-2821 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
İntihar Sonrası Yas Süreci: Bir Sistematik Gözden Geçirme
Dağ, B. N., & Alkar, Ö. Y. (2022) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1003904 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Adjustment Disorder Related to Bereavement
Greis, L. M. (2012) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2011.08.018 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Suicide bereavement support: a literature review.
Griffin, E., & McMahon, E. M. (2019) · HRB National Drugs Library (Health Research Board) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Perspectives on family-based suicide prevention and postvention
Krysinska, K. E., & Andriessen, K. (2022) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2022.532 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Etterlattes erfaringer med sorggruppetilbud i Norge
Johnsen, I., Dyregrov, K., & Dyregrov, A. (2014) · Nordisk Sygeplejeforskning · doi:10.18261/issn1892-2686-2014-03-05 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Suicide Bereavement and Postvention: What Do We Know and What Should We Know?
Jiménez-Molina, Á., Güemes, F. O., Miranda, T. B., Venegas, J. P. P., & Morgiève, M. (2025) · Depression and personality · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-96037-6_10 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of a Suicide Bereavement Service on People Bereaved by Suicide
Visser, V., & Tretheway, R. (2023) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228231188751 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cognition and suicide: Effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy
Miloseva, L., Milosev, V., & Rihter, K. (2016) · International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science Engineering and Education · doi:10.5937/ijcrsee1601079m · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Complicated Grief: How is it Conceptualized by Professionals?
Dodd, A., Guérin, S., Delaney, S., & Dodd, P. C. (2020) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2020.1722460 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yas Sürecinde Uygulanan Psikolojik Müdahale Yaklaşımlarının Doküman Analizi İle İncelenmesi
KIZILTAN, E., & ULUSOY, Y. (2022) · Humanistic Perspective · doi:10.47793/hp.998187 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Neto, D. D., Coelho, A., da Silva, A. N., Garcia‐Marques, T., & Albuquerque, S. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15070972 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Derakhshan, E., Scarth, B., Morgan, A., Currier, D., & Andriessen, K. (2026) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2026.2658567 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Li, A., Аimaganbetova, О., Kozlov, V., & Mynbayeva, A. (2019) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · doi:10.15557/pipk.2019.0030 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Role of the Psychiatric Nurse in Improving the Psychosocial Health of Families After Suicide
Demir, Z. G. Y., & Yılmaz, M. (2023) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1138902 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Spezifische Todesumstände und Trauergruppen
Wagner, B. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37359-6_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
15 De opvang van nabestaanden na een suïcide
de Groot, M., & de Keijser, J. (2010) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-313-7804-3_15 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
De toeleiding van nabestaanden van personen overleden door suïcide naar familiegerichte nazorg
de Groot, M., & Broer, J. (2011) · TSG - Tijdschrift voor gezondheidswetenschappen · doi:10.1007/s12508-011-0090-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Suicide Bereavement and Grief Counseling
Shear, M. K. (2007) · Journal watch · doi:10.1056/jp200706110000001
De opvang van nabestaanden na een suïcide
de Groot, M., & de Keijser, J. (2016) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-0972-6_20
reviewfor people bereaved through suicide: systematic
McDaid, C., Trowman, R., Golder, S., Hawton, K. E., & Sowden, A. J. (2011)
What Is Prolonged Grief Disorder and How Can Its Likelihood Be Reduced?
Waldrop, D. P., & Kutner, J. S. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-3796-7.00074-4
Suicide Postvention as Suicide Prevention: Best Practices and Recommendations
Kaşıkara, G., Kocalar, H. E., & Ünlü, M. (2025) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1642087
De opvang van nabestaanden na suïcide
de Groot, M., & de Keijser, J. (2026) · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-3172-7_28
Schneider, B., Lindner, R., & Sperling, U. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44012-4_9
- Authors
- de Groot, M., de Keijser, J., Neeleman, J., Kerkhof, A., Nolen, W., & Burger, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2007-04-20
- Volume
- 334
- Issue
- 7601
- Pages
- 994
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC1867884
- OpenAlex
- W2152954500
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- ZonMw
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Keywords
- complicated grief, suicide bereavement, family bereavement, cognitive behavioral therapy, grief counseling, suicidal ideation, depression
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Counseling, Female, Grief, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Suicide, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Spouses
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
