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Neuromodulatory effects and targets of the SCFAs and gasotransmitters produced by the human symbiotic microbiota
Open accessAbstract
The symbiotic gut microbiota plays an important role in the development and homeostasis of the host organism. Its physiological, biochemical, behavioral, and communicative effects are mediated by multiple low molecular weight compounds. Recent data on small molecules produced by gut microbiota in mammalian organisms demonstrate the paramount importance of these biologically active molecules in terms of biology and medicine. Many of these molecules are pleiotropic mediators exerting effects on various tissues and organs. This review is focused on the functional roles of gaseous molecules that perform neuromediator and/or endocrine functions. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects of microbial fermentation-derived gaseous metabolites are not well understood. It is possible that these metabolites produce their effects via immunological, biochemical, and neuroendocrine mechanisms that involve endogenous and microbial modulators and transmitters; of considerable importance are also changes in epigenetic transcriptional factors, protein post-translational modification, lipid and mitochondrial metabolism, redox signaling, and ion channel/gap junction/transporter regulation. Recent findings have revealed that interactivity among such modulators/transmitters is a prerequisite for the ongoing dialog between microbial cells and host cells, including neurons. Using simple reliable methods for the detection and measurement of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and small gaseous molecules in eukaryotic tissues and prokaryotic cells, selective inhibitors of enzymes that participate in their synthesis, as well as safe chemical and microbial donors of pleiotropic mediators and modulators of host intestinal microbial ecology, should enable us to apply these chemicals as novel therapeutics and medical research tools.
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“It was described that SCFAs may modulate the levels of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors.”
From The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication (2020) · cites this paper as [115]
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“Propionate and butyrate exert an influence on the intracellular potassium level, which implies the involvement of SCFAs in the operation of cell signaling systems (115).”
From The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication (2020) · cites this paper as [115]
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“Propionate and butyrate can influence the cell signaling system via modification of the intracellular potassium levels (104), and they regulate the expression levels of tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1, involved in the synthesis of serotonin, and tyrosine hydroxylase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline (105).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [104]
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“First of all, the microbiota composition of MS patients is different from the one of healthy individuals (104).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [104]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Oleskin, A. V., & Shenderov, B. A.
- Affiliations
- Lomonosov Moscow State University (RU)
- Venue
- Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease
- Publisher
- Co-Action Publishing
- Published
- 2016-07-05
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 0
- Pages
- 30971-30971
- ISSN
- 0891-060X (ISSN-L)
- 1651-2235
- PMC
- PMC4937721
- OpenAlex
- W2472180307
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 5.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- short-chain fatty acids, gasotransmitters, gut microbiota, neuromodulation, neuroendocrine signaling, microbial metabolites, host-microbe interactions, microbial fermentation, redox signaling, ion channel modulation, epigenetic regulation, post-translational modification, gut-brain axis, therapeutic target
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