Regulation of inflammation by short chain fatty acids

Vinolo, Marco A.R.; Rodrigues, Hosana G.; Nachbar, Renato T.; Curi, Rui

doi:10.3390/nu3100858

Cited by 1,724Gut microbiota and healthProbiotics and Fermented FoodsMicrobial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology

Regulation of inflammation by short chain fatty acids

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Vinolo, Marco A.R., Rodrigues, Hosana G., Nachbar, Renato T., Curi, Rui·2011·Nutrients

DOI 10.3390/nu3100858PMC PMC3257741

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Abstract

The short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C(2)), propionate (C(3)) and butyrate (C(4)) are the main metabolic products of anaerobic bacteria fermentation in the intestine. In addition to their important role as fuel for intestinal epithelial cells, SCFAs modulate different processes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract such as electrolyte and water absorption. These fatty acids have been recognized as potential mediators involved in the effects of gut microbiota on intestinal immune function. SCFAs act on leukocytes and endothelial cells through at least two mechanisms: activation of GPCRs (GPR41 and GPR43) and inhibiton of histone deacetylase (HDAC). SCFAs regulate several leukocyte functions including production of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10), eicosanoids and chemokines (e.g., MCP-1 and CINC-2). The ability of leukocytes to migrate to the foci of inflammation and to destroy microbial pathogens also seems to be affected by the SCFAs. In this review, the latest research that describes how SCFAs regulate the inflammatory process is presented. The effects of these fatty acids on isolated cells (leukocytes, endothelial and intestinal epithelial cells) and, particularly, on the recruitment and activation of leukocytes are discussed. Therapeutic application of these fatty acids for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies is also highlighted.

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Short-chain fatty acids have an immunomodulatory effect.
“In contrast, SCFAs have been shown to have an immunomodulatory effect [109].”
From Mediterranean Diet as an Antioxidant: The Impact on Metabolic Health and Overall Wellbeing (2021) · cites this paper as [109]
GI symptoms in children with ASD are associated with ASD-relevant emotional and behavioral problems.
“Children with ASD also have a high rate of GI symptoms, which correlate with ASD severity (32, 73) and are associated with ASD-relevant emotional and behavioral problems (74, 75).”
From Association Between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [75]

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[21]Vinolo M.A. Rodrigues H.G. Hatanaka E. Sato F.T. Sampaio S.C. Curi R. Suppressive effect of short chain fatty acids on production of proinflammatory mediators by neutrophils. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2011 22 849 855 21167700
[93]Zhang L. Jin S. Wang C. Jiang R. Wan J. Histone deacetylase inhibitors attenuate acute lung injury during cecal ligation and puncture-induced polymicrobial sepsis. World J. Surg. 2010 34 1676 1683 20177680

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Self-citation
Leveraging Sequence-based Faecal Microbial Community Survey Data to Identify Alterations in Gut Microbiota among Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
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Authors: Vinolo, M. A. R., Rodrigues, H. G., Nachbar, R. T., & Curi, R.
Affiliations: Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
Corresponding author: Vinolo, Marco A.R.
ORCID: Vinolo, Marco A.R.
Rodrigues, Hosana G.
Nachbar, Renato T.
Curi, Rui
Venue: Nutrients
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2011-10-14
Volume: 3
Issue: 10
Pages: 858-876
ISSN: 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/nu3100858
PMC: PMC3257741
OpenAlex: W2019419945
Cited by: 1,724
References: 106
Citations by year: 2026: 127 · 2025: 203 · 2024: 204 · 2023: 162 · 2022: 190 · 2021: 160 · 2020: 144 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 85 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 2.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (vor)
Locations: Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
Keywords: short-chain fatty acids, butyrate, propionate, acetate, inflammation, gut microbiota, intestinal immunity, GPR41, GPR43, histone deacetylase inhibition, cytokine production, leukocyte migration, endothelial cells, intestinal epithelial cells, eicosanoids, chemokines, inflammatory disease therapy
MeSH terms: Dietary Fats, Epithelial Cells, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Humans, Inflammation, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Leukocytes, Cytokines, Inflammation Mediators, Endothelial Cells, Immunomodulation

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Regulation of inflammation by short chain fatty acids

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