Synergetic action of atorvastatin and fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in vitro and in a murine model for intra-abdominal Candidiasis / Ação sinérgica da atorvastatina e fluconazol contra Candida albicans resistente ao fluconazol in vitro e em um modelo murino contra Candidíase intra-abdominal
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Introduction: Candida albicans is the most common causative agent of Intra-abdominal Candidiasis (IAC) and it is resistant to most antifungal drugs currently available. Here we investigated atorvastatin in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against a fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strain as a potential repurposed drug. The following tests were carried out: antifungal susceptibility tests to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), determination of time-kill curve, biofilm assays, Candida albicans yeast-hyphae transition inhibition assay, murine model of Intra-abdominal candidiasis, survival curve, fungal load quantification, histopathology analysis, quantification of TNF-α and IL-17 cytokines, quantification of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. In vitro assays showed the synergetic action of atorvastatin and fluconazole against C. albicans growth and biofilm maturation while the time-kill curve assay revealed their fungicidal effect after 24 h of treatment. When yeast-to-hyphae transition was assessed, the synergetic effect of atorvastatin and fluconazole reduced C. albicans filamentation significantly. In vivo tests showed that one of the most noticeable signs of IAC is the intense systemic inflammation. However, our survival curve test showed that despite being ill, animals exhibited little to no clinical signs of systemic inflammation when treatment included a combination of atorvastatin and fluconazole. Altogether, these findings suggest that atorvastatin could be feasibly used in the treatment fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains, showing that drug repurposing is an important strategy when considering the limited number of antifungal drugs available for treatment in addition to financial hardship experienced in research and development of new antifungal drugs.
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Fluconazole and ATV combinations show fungicidal activity within 24 h against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans, significantly inhibiting biofilm maturation and filamentation.
“Likewise, fluconazole and ATV combinations have shown fungicidal activity within 24 h against fluconazole‐resistant C. albicans , significantly inhibiting biofilm maturation and filamentation [126].”
From Statins as Antifungal Agents: A Review on Drug Repurposing and Nanotechnology-Driven Delivery Strategies (2025) · cites this paper as [126]
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- Authors
- De Oliveira, M. É., De Lima, W. G., Alves, C. F. B., Herrera, K. M. S., Santos, P. C., De Souza, D. D. G., Dos Santos, M. E. S. M., Ribeiro, R. I. D. M. D. A., Thomé, R. G., Dos Santos, H. B., Soares, A. C., Soares-Martins, J. A. P., & Ferreira, J. M. S.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brazilian Journal of Development
- Publisher
- South Florida Publishing LLC
- Published
- 2022-05-26
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 41115-41137
- ISSN
- 2525-8761 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4281746376
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Brazilian Journal of Development (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Keywords
- atorvastatin, fluconazole, Candida albicans, fluconazole resistance, intra-abdominal candidiasis, drug repurposing, antifungal synergy, biofilm, yeast-to-hypha transition, filamentation, systemic inflammation, TNF-α, IL-17, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, mouse model
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