Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation in Patients with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Referred to a Behaviorally Based Pain Program
Open accessAbstract
Background: Patients with chronic pain often experience co-occurring depression and in some cases suicidal ideation. It is critical to discover risk factors for suicide in this vulnerable patient population. Objective: To assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and identify potential risk factors in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Four hundred and sixty-six patients with chronic non-cancer pain referred to a behaviorally based pain program in a community health system. Methods: Data collected included pain intensity and level of pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory), pain duration, pain site, depression level (Beck Depression Inventory Fast Screen for Medical Patients), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), personal and family psychiatric and substance use disorder history, level of isolation, and demographic data. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Results showed a high rate of suicidal ideation in this patient population (28%). Univariate analyses stratified by level of suicide (no suicidal ideation or passive/active suicidal ideation) revealed statistically significant group differences on pain location (extremity P = 0.046, generalized P = 0.047), work disruption (P = 0.049), social withdrawal (P < 0.001), pre-pain history of depression (P < 0.001), family history of depression (P < 0.001), and history of sexual/physical abuse (P < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that history of sexual/physical abuse (Beta = 0.825; P = 0.020; OR = 2.657 [95% CI = 1.447 – 4.877]), family history of depression (Beta = 0.471; P = 0.006; OR = 1.985 [95% CI = 1.234 – 3.070]), and being socially withdrawn (Beta = 0.482; P < 0.001; OR = 2.226 [95% CI = 1.431 – 3.505]) were predictive of suicidal ideation. Limitations: Measure of depression was not included in data analysis to reduce effect of colinearity. Also the study population was a specialty pain clinic allowing for possible subject selection bias. Conclusions: Results of this study are consistent with the prevailing literature on pain and suicide demonstrating a high prevalence of suicidal ideation in the chronic pain population. Novel predictive variables were also identified that will provide the basis for developing a risk stratification model that can be further tested prospectively in chronic pain patients. Key words: Chronic pain, suicide, depression
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Suicidal thoughts are present in 28-48% of chronic pain cases.
“suicidal thoughts are present in 28–48% of the cases [37,38]”
From The Risk Factors of Chronic Pain in Victims of Violence: A Scoping Review (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
Suicidal thoughts are influenced by stress, and their prevalence is in line with studies that showed a bidirectional relationship with chronic pain.
“Also, suicidal thoughts are influenced by stress [79], and their prevalence is in line with studies that showed a bidirectional relationship with chronic pain [37,38].”
From The Risk Factors of Chronic Pain in Victims of Violence: A Scoping Review (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Cheatle, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Reading Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cheatle, Martin D.
- ORCID
- Cheatle, Martin D.
- Venue
- Pain Physician
- Published
- 2014-05-14
- Volume
- 3;17
- Issue
- 3;5
- Pages
- E359-E367
- ISSN
- 1533-3159 (ISSN-L)
- 2150-1149
- OpenAlex
- W2206078902
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 5.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Pain Physician (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA032776)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- suicidal ideation, chronic non-cancer pain, suicide risk factors, depression, family history of depression, social withdrawal, pain clinic patients, behavioral pain management, pain interference, work disruption, psychiatric history, pain localization, social isolation, anxiety, suicide prevention education
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Behavior Therapy, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Referral and Consultation, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Substance-Related Disorders, Suicidal Ideation, Chronic Pain, Pain Management
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