Apoptosis in skeletal muscle and its relevance to atrophy
Open accessAbstract
Apoptosis is necessary for maintaining the integrity of proliferative tissues, such as epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal system. The role of apoptosis in post mitotic tissues, such as skeletal muscle, is less well defined. Apoptosis during muscle atrophy occurs in both myonuclei and other muscle cell types. Apoptosis of myonuclei likely contributes to the loss of muscle mass, but the mechanisms underlying this process are largely unknown. Caspase-dependent as well as -independent pathways have been implicated and the mode by which atrophy is induced likely determines the apoptotic mechanisms that are utilized. It remains to be determined whether a decrease in apoptosis will alleviate atrophy and distinct research strategies may be required for different causes of skeletal muscle loss.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
When triggered in skeletal muscle, apoptosis leads to the loss of one or several myonuclei, thereby decreasing the capacity of a muscle fibre for protein synthesis and, ultimately, leading to fibre atrophy.
“When triggered in skeletal muscle, apoptosis leads to the loss of one or several myonuclei, thereby decreasing the capacity of a muscle fibre for protein synthesis and, ultimately, leading to fibre atrophy (Dupont‐Versteegden, 2006).”
From Parkin overexpression protects from ageing‐related loss of muscle mass and strength (2019) · cites this paper as Dupont‐Versteegden, 2006
The ROLE OF APOPTOSIS section describes each myonucleus as supporting a theoretical amount of cytoplasm, and the paper reports apoptotic myonuclear loss in atrophying muscle. But the Abstract says myonuclear apoptosis *likely* contributes to muscle-mass loss; it does not establish the claimed reduction in protein-synthesis capacity or the definite causal chain to fibre atrophy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredProlonged activation of apoptosis can result in the loss of muscle fibres.
“Prolonged activation of apoptosis can even result in the loss of muscle fibres (Dupont‐Versteegden, 2006).”
From Parkin overexpression protects from ageing‐related loss of muscle mass and strength (2019) · cites this paper as Dupont‐Versteegden, 2006
The Conclusion links apoptosis to skeletal muscle atrophy, but describes loss of myonuclei and other cells, not loss of whole muscle fibres. The discussion following ROLE OF APOPTOSIS says that eliminating a nucleus does not necessarily destroy the entire muscle cell. Our copy therefore supports a role in atrophy, but not the specific claim that prolonged apoptosis results in fibre loss. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredApoptosis-mediated degradation is associated with aging process of skeletal muscle.
“Meanwhile, apoptosis-mediated degradation is thought to be associated with the aging process of skeletal muscle [39]”
From Lifelong Aerobic Exercise Alleviates Sarcopenia by Activating Autophagy and Inhibiting Protein Degradation via the AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway (2021) · cites this paper as [39]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Calcium's Role in Mechanotransduction during Muscle Development
Damm, T. B., & Egli, M. (2014) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000356667 · Cited by 14,548 · see citing works
Mammalian Caspases: Structure, Activation, Substrates, and Functions During Apoptosis
Earnshaw, W. C., Martins, L. M., & Kaufmann, S. H. (1999) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.383 · Cited by 2,758 · see citing works
Endonuclease G is an apoptotic DNase when released from mitochondria
Li, L. Y., Luo, X., & Wang, X. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35083620 · Cited by 1,787 · see citing works
Many cuts to ruin: a comprehensive update of caspase substrates
Fischer, U., Jänicke, R. U., & Schulze‐Osthoff, K. (2003) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401160 · Cited by 1,025 · see citing works
Regulation of cell number in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract: the importance of apoptosis
Hall, P. A., Coates, P. J., Ansari, B., & Hopwood, D. (1994) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.107.12.3569 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Du, J., Wang, X., Miereles, C., Bailey, J. L., Debigaré, R., Zheng, B., Price, S. R., & Mitch, W. E. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci18330 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
Candé, C., Cohen, I., Daugas, É., Ravagnan, L., Larochette, N., Zamzami, N., & Kroemer, G. (2002) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/s0300-9084(02)01374-3 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Allen, D. L., Linderman, J. K., Roy, R. R., Bigbee, A. J., Grindeland, R. E., Mukku, V. R., & Edgerton, V. R. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.2.c579 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Loo, G., Schotte, P., van Gurp, M., Demol, H., Hoorelbeke, B., Gevaert, K., Rodríguez, I., Ruiz-Carrillo, A., Vandekerckhove, J. S., Declercq, W., et al. (2001) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400944 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
The Role of Apoptosis in the Normal Aging Brain, Skeletal Muscle, and Heart
POLLACK, M., Phaneuf, S., Dirks, A. J., & Leeuwenburgh, C. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02086.x · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Plasticity of myonuclear number in hypertrophied and atrophied mammalian skeletal muscle fibers
Allen, D. L., Monke, S. R., Talmadge, R. J., Roy, R. R., & Edgerton, V. R. (1995) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1995.78.5.1969 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Adams, V., Jiang, H. F., Yu, J., Möbius‐Winkler, S., Fiehn, E., Linke, A., Weigl, C., Schuler, G. C., & Hambrecht, R. (1999) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00626-3 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Age-related differences in apoptosis with disuse atrophy in soleus muscle
Leeuwenburgh, C., Gurley, C. M., Strotman, B. A., & Dupont-Versteegden, E. E. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00576.2004 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationApoptosis-inducing factor (AIF): caspase-independent after all
Candé, C., Vahsen, N., Garrido, C., & Kroemer, G. (2004) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401400 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Vital functions for lethal caspases
Launay, S., Hermine, O., Fontenay, M., Kroemer, G., Solary, É., & Garrido, C. (2005) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208524 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Regulation of Apoptosis
Mayer, B., & Oberbauer, R. W. (2003) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/nips.01433.2002 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Mitochondria-associated apoptotic signalling in denervated rat skeletal muscle
Siu, P. M., & Alway, S. E. (2005) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.081083 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Apoptosis in muscle atrophy: Relevance to sarcopenia
Dupont‐Versteegden, E. E. (2005) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2005.04.003 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulation of apoptosis during homeostasis and disease in the intestinal epithelium
Edelblum, K. L., Yan, F., Yamaoka, T., & Polk, D. B. (2006) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.mib.0000217334.30689.3e · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Allen, D. L., Yasui, W., Tanaka, T., Ohira, Y., Nagaoka, S., Sekiguchi, C., Hinds, W. E., Roy, R. R., & Edgerton, V. R. (1996) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1996.81.1.145 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Life's smile, death's grin: vital functions of apoptosis-executing proteins
Garrido, C. R., & Kroemer, G. (2004) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2004.09.008 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Cell death in denervated skeletal muscle is distinct from classical apoptosis
Borisov, A. B., & Carlson, B. M. (2000) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(20000301)258:3 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Apoptotic responses to hindlimb suspension in gastrocnemius muscles from young adult and aged rats
Siu, P. M., Pistilli, E. E., & Alway, S. E. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00198.2005 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Caspase-independent pathways of hair cell death induced by kanamycin in vivo
Jiang, H., Sh, S., Forge, A., et al. (2005) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401706 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Apoptosis in Heart and Skeletal Muscle
Primeau, A. J., Adhihetty, P. J., & Hood, D. A. (2002) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h02-020 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Aging influences cellular and molecular responses of apoptosis to skeletal muscle unloading
Siu, P. M., Pistilli, E. E., Butler, D. C., & Alway, S. E. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00239.2004 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The control of cell mass and replication. The DNA unit - a personal 20-year study
Cheek, D. B. (1985) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/0378-3782(85)90144-6 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Satellite cells and myonuclei in long‐term denervated rat muscles
Rodrigues, A. D. C., & Schmalbruch, H. (1995) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.1092430405 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Dupont‐Versteegden, E. E., Murphy, R. J. L., Houlé, J. D., Gurley, C. M., & Peterson, C. A. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1999.277.3.c589 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationDupont‐Versteegden, E. E., Strotman, B. A., Gurley, C. M., Gaddy, D., Knox, M., Fluckey, J. D., & Peterson, C. A. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00176.2006 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationAllen, D. L., Linderman, J. K., Roy, R. R., Grindeland, R. E., Mukku, V. R., & Edgerton, V. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1857 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Satellite cell regulation of muscle mass is altered at old age
Gallegly, J. C., Turesky, N. A., Strotman, B. A., Gurley, C. M., Peterson, C. A., & Dupont‐Versteegden, E. E. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00006.2004 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased apoptosis accompanies neoplastic development in the human colorectum.
Sinicrope, F. A., Roddey, G., McDonnell, T. J., et al. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Apoptosis of myofibres and satellite cells: exercise‐induced damage in skeletal muscle of the mouse
Podhorska‐Okolow, Sandri, Zampieri, Brun, Rossini, & Carraro, U. (1998) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2990.1998.00149.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Denervation stimulates apoptosis but not Id2 expression in hindlimb muscles of aged rats
Alway, S. E., Degens, H., Krishnamurthy, G., & Chaudhrai, A. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.8.b687 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Smith, H. K., Maxwell, L., Martyn, J. A., & Bass, J. J. (2000) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s004410000280 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Caspase activation contributes to endotoxin-induced diaphragm weakness
Supinski, G. S., & Callahan, L. A. (2006) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01288.2005 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Dupont‐Versteegden, E. E., Murphy, R. J. L., Houlé, J. D., Gurley, C. M., & Peterson, C. A. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.2000.279.6.c1677 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationRuetten, H., Badorff, C., Ihling, C. H., Zeiher, A. M., & Dimmeler, S. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01670-9 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Prunet, C., Lemaire‐Ewing, S., Ménétrier, F., Néel, D., & Lizard, G. (2005) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.20096 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
DNA-fragmentation and apoptosis-related proteins of muscle cells in motor neuron disorders
Tews, D. S., Goebel, H., & Meinck, H.-M. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00302.x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Deficiency of the Bax gene attenuates denervation-induced apoptosis
Siu, P. M., & Alway, S. E. (2006) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1007/s10495-006-6315-4 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Dupont‐Versteegden, E. E., Fluckey, J. D., Knox, M., Gaddy, D., & Peterson, C. A. (2006) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01540.2005 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationHamada, M., Sumi, T., Iwai, S., et al. (2005) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1007/s10495-005-3348-z · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Allen DL, Linderman JK, Roy RR, Grindeland RE, Mukku V, Edgerton VR. Growth hormone/IGF-I and/or resistive e x e r c i s e m a i n t a i n s J Appl Physiol (1985) 1997; 83: 1857-1861
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Role of β-Adrenoceptor Signaling in Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Muscle Wasting and Disease
Lynch, G. S., & Ryall, J. G. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00028.2007 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Sishi, B., Loos, B., Ellis, B., Smith, W., du Toit, E. F., & Engelbrecht, A.-M. (2011) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2010.054189 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Parkin overexpression protects from ageing‐related loss of muscle mass and strength
Leduc‐Gaudet, J., Reynaud, O., Hussain, S. N., & Gouspillou, G. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp277157 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Powerful signals for weak muscles
Saini, A., Faulkner, S., Al-Shanti, N., & Stewart, C. (2009) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2009.02.001 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Liang, J., Zhang, H., Zeng, Z., Wu, L., Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., Lv, J., Wang, C., Fan, J., & Chen, N. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11050323 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Dethlefsen, M. M., Halling, J. F., Møller, H. D., Plomgaard, P., Regenberg, B., Ringholm, S., & Pilegaard, H. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.011 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The K<sub>ATP</sub> channel is a molecular sensor of atrophy in skeletal muscle
Tricarico, D., Mele, A., Camerino, G. M., Bottinelli, R., Brocca, L., Frigeri, A., Svelto, M., George Jr, A. L., & Camerino, D. C. (2010) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.185835 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dupont-Versteegden, E. E.
- Venue
- World Journal of Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 46
- Pages
- 7463
- ISSN
- 1007-9327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4087591
- OpenAlex
- W1540669837
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- World Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r03ag020407-01)
- National Institute on Aging (AG-20407)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR47577, R01AR047577)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- apoptosis, skeletal muscle, muscle atrophy, myonuclei, caspase-dependent apoptosis, caspase-independent apoptosis, muscle mass loss, postmitotic tissues
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Endodeoxyribonucleases, Humans, Models, Biological, Muscular Atrophy, Apoptosis, Muscle, Skeletal, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Caspases, DNA Fragmentation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
