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Evidences for vagus nerve in maintenance of immune balance and transmission of immune information from gut to brain in STM-infected rats
Open accessAbstract
AIM: To determine whether Salmonella Typhimurium (STM)in gastrointestinal tract can induce the functional activation of brain, whether the vagus nerve involves in signaling immune information from gastrointestinal tract to brain and how it influences the immune function under natural infection condition. METHODS: Animal model of gastrointestinal tract infection in the rat was established by an intubation of Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) into stomach to mimic the condition of natural bacteria infection. Subdiagphragmatic vagotomy was performed in some of the animals 28 days before infection. The changes of Fos expression visualized with immunohistochemistry technique in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and superaoptic nucleus (SON) were counted. Meanwhile, the percentage and the Mean Intensities of Fluorescent (MIFs) of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood were measured by using flow cytometry (FCM), and the pathological changes in ileum and mesenteric lymph node were observed in HE stained sections. RESULTS: In bacteria-stimulated groups, inflammatory pathological changes were seen in ileum and mesenteric lymph node. The percentages of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood were decreased from 42%+/-4.5% to 34%+/-4.9% (P<0.05) and MIFs of CD8+ T cells were also decreased from 2.9+/-0.39 to 2.1+/-0.36 (P<0.05) with STM stimulation. All of them proved that our STM-infection model was reliable. Fos immunoreactive (Fos-ir) cells in PVN and SON increased significantly with STM stimulation, from 189+/-41 to 467+/-62 (P<0.05) and from 64+/-21 to 282+/-47 (P<0.05) individually, which suggested that STM in gastrointestinal tract induced the functional activation of brain. Subdiagphragmatic vagotomy attenuated Fos expression in PVN and SON induced by STM, from 467+/-62 to 226+/-45 (P<0.05) and from 282+/-47 to 71+/-19 (P<0.05) individually, and restored the decreased percentages of CD4+ T cells induced by STM from 34%+/-4.9% to original level 44%+/-6.0% (P<0.05). In addition, subdiagphragmatic vagotomy itself also decreased the percentages of CD8+ T cells (from 28%+/-3.0% to 21%+/-5.9%, P<0.05) and MIFs of CD4+ (from 6.6+/-0.6 to 4.9+/-1.0, P<0.05) and CD8+ T cells (from 2.9+/-0.39 to 1.4+/-0.34, P<0.05). Both of them manifested the important role of vagus nerve in transmitting immune information from gut to brain and maintaining the immune balance of the organism. CONCLUSION: Vagus nerve does involve in transmitting abdominal immune information into the brain in STM infection condition and play an important role in maintenance of the immune balance of the organism.
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“gut bacteria can interact with and activate the vagus nerve, thereby exerting effects upstream to the CNS.”
From The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
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“and that neuronal activity in the PVN induced by bacterial colonization is blocked by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Wang et al., 2002).”
From Mechanisms underlying microbial-mediated changes in social behavior in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder (2019) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2002
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Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 50 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour
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BackgroundResultSudo, N., Chida, Y., Aiba, Y., Sonoda, J., Oyama, N., Yu, X., Kubo, C., & Koga, Y. (2004) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.063388 · Cited by 2,735
“In accord with this speculation, Wang et al. (2002) reported that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy attenuates c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus in rats inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium.”
ResultThe Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae
Vacca, M., Celano, G., Calabrese, F. M., Portincasa, P., Gobbetti, M., & De Angelis, M. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8040573 · Cited by 1,688
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, X.
- Affiliations
- Air Force Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Xi
- ORCID
- Wang, Xi
- Venue
- World Journal of Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
- Published
- 2002
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 540
- ISSN
- 1007-9327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4656439
- OpenAlex
- W155664710
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- World Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- vagus nerve, gut-brain axis, Salmonella typhimurium, gastrointestinal infections, vagotomy, Fos expression, paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, immune homeostasis, intestinal inflammation, mesenteric lymph nodes, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Male, Salmonella Infections, Animal, Salmonella typhimurium, Vagus Nerve, Neuroimmunomodulation, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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