Cited by 350Reading and Literacy DevelopmentNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismCategorization, perception, and language

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WordGen: A tool for word selection and nonword generation in Dutch, English, German, and French

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Duyck, Wouter, Desmet, Timothy, Verbeke, Lieven P. C., Brysbaert, Marc·2004·Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

DOI 10.3758/bf03195595

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Abstract

WordGen is an easy-to-use program that uses the CELEX and Lexique lexical databases for word selection and nonword generation in Dutch, English, German, and French. Items can be generated in these four languages, specifying any combination of seven linguistic constraints: number of letters, neighborhood size, frequency, summated position-nonspecific bigram frequency, minimum position-nonspecific bigram f requency, position-specific frequency of the initial and final bigram, and orthographic relatedness. The program also has a module to calculate the respective values of these variables for items that have already been constructed, either with the program or taken from earlier studies. Stimulus queries can be entered through WordGen's graphical user interface or by means of batch files. WordGen is especially useful for (1) Dutch and German item generation, because no such stimulus-selection tool exists for these languages, (2) the generation of nonwords for all four languages, because our program has some important advantages over previous nonword generation approaches, and (3) psycholinguistic experiments on bilingualism, because the possibility of using the same tool for different languages increases the cross-linguistic comparability of the generated item lists. WordGen is free and available at http://expsy.ugent.be/wordgen.htm.

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Authors: Duyck, W., Desmet, T., Verbeke, L. P. C., & Brysbaert, M.
Affiliations: Ghent University (BE)
Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Duyck, Wouter
ORCID: Duyck, Wouter
Desmet, Timothy
Verbeke, Lieven P. C.
Brysbaert, Marc
Venue: Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-08
Volume: 36
Issue: 3
Pages: 488-499
ISSN: 0743-3808 (ISSN-L)
1532-5970
DOI: 10.3758/bf03195595
OpenAlex: W2073556933
Cited by: 350
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 8.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Vlaamse regering
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
Keywords: word choice, CELEX, lexical databases, bigram frequency, neighborhood size, word frequency, Dutch language, English language, German, French language, bilingualism
MeSH terms: Electronic Data Processing, Choice Behavior, Humans, Language, Psycholinguistics, Vocabulary

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WordGen: A tool for word selection and nonword generation in Dutch, English, German, and French

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