Measures of effect size
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Sample effect sizes are typically biased estimates of their population counterparts.
“In addition, sample effect sizes are typically biased estimates of their population counterparts (Richardson, 1996).”
From G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences (2007) · cites this paper as Richardson, 1996
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- Authors
- Richardson, J. T. E.
- Affiliations
- Brunel University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Richardson, John T. E.
- Venue
- Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers
- Published
- 1996-03
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12-22
- ISSN
- 0743-3808 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5970
- OpenAlex
- W1994476810
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers (publishedVersion)
- Open Research Online (The Open University) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Keywords
- effect size, standardized mean difference, network meta-analysis, meta-analysis, sampling properties
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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