Encoding processes and the spacing effect
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The differential encoding theory of the spacing effect was tested utilizing Martin's (1968) encoding variability notion, in which it is hypothesized that low-meaningfulness items are more variable in their encodings than are high-meaningfulness items. In a series of three experiments using a continuous paired associate learning task, it was predicted that the spacing vs. performance curves for CCC items would show a faster improvement in performance than would the curves for high-meaningfulness CVC items. None of the experiments supported this prediction. In addition, it was found that items recognized on their second presentation were more likely to be recalled than were those items not recognized. It was concluded that an item's repetitions are more effective if one code is formed and elaborated with each repetition rather than if more than one code is formed.
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Encoding variability theory appears to encounter substantial problems when accounting for certain other findings.
“Encoding variability theory appears to encounter substantial problems when accounting for certain other findings (e.g., Bellezza, Winkler, & Andrasik, 1975; Dempster, 1987b).”
From Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: A review and quantitative synthesis. (2006) · cites this paper as Bellezza, Winkler, & Andrasik, 1975
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(1975) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03333163
- Authors
- Bellezza, F. S., Winkler, H. B., & Andrasik, F.
- Affiliations
- Ohio University (US)
- ORCID
- Andrasik, Frank
- Venue
- Memory & Cognition
- Published
- 1975-07
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 451-457
- ISSN
- 0090-502X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5946
- OpenAlex
- W2042148067
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Memory & Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Second Language Acquisition and Learning
- Keywords
- spacing effect, encoding variability, paired-associate learning, memory retrieval, elaborative encoding
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