Cross-modal attention capture by affective stimuli: Evidence from event-related potentials
Open accessAbstract
The P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP) to an acoustic startle probe is modulated during picture viewing, with reduced P3 amplitude when participants view either pleasant or unpleasant, as opposed to neutral, pictures. We have interpreted this as reflecting capture of attentional resources by affective pictures, with fewer resources available for processing the secondary startle probe. In the present study, we tested this resource allocation hypothesis by presenting either pictures or sounds as foreground stimuli, with the prediction that P3 amplitude in response to secondary startle probes would be reduced for affectively engaging foregrounds regardless of modality. Using dense-array electroencephalography and a source estimation procedure, we observed that P3 amplitude was indeed smaller when startle probes were presented during emotional, as opposed to neutral, stimuli for both sound and picture foregrounds. Source modeling indicated a common frontocentral maximum of P3 modulation by affect. The data support the notion that emotionally arousing stimuli transmodally attract resources, leading to optimized processing of the affective stimuli at the cost of the processing of concurrent stimuli.
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The recording of the startle P3 showed the typical pattern of a positive wave peaking between 300 and 400 ms over central-parietal midline, as well as a general increase with probe interval after picture onset.
“Further, Fig. 4 shows that our recording of the startle P3 showed the typical pattern of a positive wave peaking between 300 and 400 ms over central-parietal midline [35, 36], as well as a general increase with probe interval after picture onset [37].”
From Self-Reported Trait Mindfulness and Affective Reactivity: A Motivational Approach Using Multiple Psychophysiological Measures (2015) · cites this paper as [36]
The ‘ERP Scalp Voltages: Regional Means’ section reports a positive startle-probe P3 reaching maximum amplitude at 260–340 ms, and ‘Scoring of P3 amplitude’ places it most prominently around Pz, supporting the waveform and midline location. The reported peak range is not the claimed 300–400 ms. The separate statement about an increase with probe interval is attached to [37] in the citing sentence and is not established by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe P3 to startle probes is reduced during viewing of arousing (unpleasant or pleasant) pictures versus neutral pictures.
“Specifically, the P3 to startle probes is reduced during viewing of arousing (unpleasant or pleasant) pictures versus neutral pictures [36, 37].”
From Self-Reported Trait Mindfulness and Affective Reactivity: A Motivational Approach Using Multiple Psychophysiological Measures (2015) · cites this paper as [36]
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- The numbers of IAPS (Bradley, Cuthbert, & Lang, 2005) pictures used were as follows. Pleasant: 2050, 2070, 2080, 2160, 2165, 2170, 2311, 2340, 2341, 2360, 4650, 4651, 4652, 4658, 4659, 4664, 4666, 4670, 4680, 4690. Neutral: 2190, 2200, 2210, 2230, 2381, 2440, 2480, 2570, 2850, 7002, 7009, 7010, 7020, 7030, 7040, 7080, 7175, 7233, 7235, 9070. Unpleasant: 1050, 1120, 1201, 1300, 1930, 3000, 3010, 3053, 3060, 3071, 3080, 3102, 3110, 3130, 3530, 6260, 6350, 6510, 6540, 9405.
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“Specifically, the P3 to startle probes is reduced during viewing of arousing (unpleasant or pleasant) pictures versus neutral pictures [36, 37].”
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- Authors
- KEIL, A., BRADLEY, M. M., JUNGHOFER, M., RUSSMANN, T., LOWENTHAL, W., & LANG, P. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- KEIL, A.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2007-03-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-24
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- OpenAlex
- W2137164456
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Universität Konstanz
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH052384, MH-52384, P50 MH 52384)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE 13956, R01DE013956)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- P300, cross-modal attention, emotional stimuli, emotional arousal, attentional capture, resource allocation, emotional pictures, emotional sounds, event-related potentials, source localization
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Affect, Attention, Auditory Perception, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Neurological, Photic Stimulation, Reference Values, Visual Perception
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