The effect of trial-to-trial feedback on the error-related negativity and its relationship with anxiety
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Individuals with anxiety disorders and related personality traits are characterized by increased error-related brain activity, as measured by the error-related negativity (ERN) in simple speeded response tasks. An absent, or opposite, relation between anxiety and the ERN has been reported in studies that employed reinforcement learning paradigms with trial-to-trial feedback. Understanding the effect of trial-to-trial feedback on the ERN may help clarify these results and can further elucidate the impact of feedback on performance monitoring. In the present study, 30 undergraduate participants performed two versions of the arrowhead version of the flanker task in counterbalanced order: one with trial-to-trial feedback and one without. The participants were slower and more accurate in the task with trial-to-trial feedback; however, the ERN was equivalent between the two tasks. Larger ERNs were related to higher trait anxiety, but only in the version without trial-to-trial feedback. These findings show that although trial-to-trial performance feedback impacts behavioral measures, it does not affect the ERN; moreover, the presence of trial-to-trial feedback moderates the relationship between the ERN and anxiety.
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The ERN-anxiety association emerged when no trial-to-trial feedback was given.
“Additionally, Olvet and Hajcak (2009) identified that the ERN-anxiety association was not significant when trial-to-trial accuracy-based feedback was provided; however, the association did emerge when no trial-to-trial feedback was given.”
From The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) in Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Call for Further Investigation of Task Parameters in the Flanker Task (2021) · cites this paper as Olvet and Hajcak, 2009
The ERN-anxiety association was not significant when trial-to-trial accuracy-based feedback was provided.
“Additionally, Olvet and Hajcak (2009) identified that the ERN-anxiety association was not significant when trial-to-trial accuracy-based feedback was provided; however, the association did emerge when no trial-to-trial feedback was given.”
From The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) in Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Call for Further Investigation of Task Parameters in the Flanker Task (2021) · cites this paper as Olvet and Hajcak, 2009
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- Authors
- Olvet, D. M., & Hajcak, G.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hajcak, Greg
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 427-433
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- OpenAlex
- W2126645475
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- error-related negativity, trait anxiety, performance monitoring, flanker task, anxiety disorders, reinforcement learning
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Attention, Brain, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Individuality, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Personality Inventory, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Feedback, Psychological
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