When the rules are reversed: action-monitoring consequences of reversing stimulus–response mappings
Open accessAbstract
How does switching tasks affect our ability to monitor and adapt our behavior? Largely independent lines of research have examined how individuals monitor their actions and adjust to errors, on the one hand, and how they are able to switch between two or more tasks, on the other. Few studies, however, have explored how these two aspects of cognitive-behavioral flexibility interact. That is, how individuals monitor their actions when task rules are switched remains unknown. The present study sought to address this question by examining the action-monitoring consequences of response switching-a form of task switching that involves switching the response that is associated with a particular stimulus. We recorded event-related brain potentials (ERPs) while participants performed a modified letter flanker task in which the stimulus-response (S-R) mappings were reversed between blocks. Specifically, we examined three ERPs-the N2, the error-related negativity (ERN), and the error positivity (Pe)-that have been closely associated with action monitoring. The findings revealed that S-R reversal blocks were associated with dynamic alterations of action-monitoring brain activity: the N2 and ERN were enhanced, whereas the Pe was reduced. Moreover, participants were less likely to adapt their posterror behavior in S-R reversal blocks. Taken together, these data suggest that response switching results in early enhancements of effortful control mechanisms (N2 and ERN) at the expense of reductions in later response evaluation processes (Pe). Thus, when rules change, our attempts at control are accompanied by less attention to our actions.
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In a non-anxious sample, the ERN is enhanced during switch blocks in comparison to non-switch blocks.
“In a non-anxious sample, one study found that the ERN is enhanced during switch blocks in comparison to non-switch blocks, speculated to be reflective of enhanced response conflict (Schroder et al., 2012).”
From The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) in Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Call for Further Investigation of Task Parameters in the Flanker Task (2021) · cites this paper as Schroder et al., 2012
The ERN results report a significantly larger ERN in switch than nonswitch blocks, and the Discussion interprets the finding in terms of conflict-related processing. The Participants section describes 67 undergraduates but does not establish that they were non-anxious, so that qualification is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Schroder, H. S., Moran, T. P., Moser, J. S., & Altmann, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Moser, Jason S.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-07-14
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 629-643
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- OpenAlex
- W2119380745
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 9.21
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- action monitoring, response switching, task switching, cognitive flexibility, error-related negativity, error positivity, N2 component, effortful control, treatment response assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Psychophysiology, Reaction Time, Students, Time Factors, Universities
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