The resident-intruder paradigm: a standardized test for aggression, violence and social stress
Open accessAbstract
This video publication explains in detail the experimental protocol of the resident-intruder paradigm in rats. This test is a standardized method to measure offensive aggression and defensive behavior in a semi natural setting. The most important behavioral elements performed by the resident and the intruder are demonstrated in the video and illustrated using artistic drawings. The use of the resident intruder paradigm for acute and chronic social stress experiments is explained as well. Finally, some brief tests and criteria are presented to distinguish aggression from its more violent and pathological forms.
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Introducing a female to the cage for 6 days and not changing the bedding improves the establishment of territory in male mice.
“To improve the establishment of territory, a female was introduced to the cages for 6 days and the bedding was not changed (Koolhaas et al., 2013).”
From Wireless Optogenetic Stimulation of Oxytocin Neurons in a Semi-natural Setup Dynamically Elevates Both Pro-social and Agonistic Behaviors (2020) · cites this paper as Koolhaas et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Koolhaas, J. M., Coppens, C. M., de Boer, S. F., Buwalda, B., Meerlo, P., & Timmermans, P. J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- ORCID
- Meerlo, Peter
- Venue
- Journal of Visualized Experiments
- Publisher
- MyJove Corporation
- Published
- 2013-07-04
- Issue
- 77
- ISSN
- 1940-087X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4205862439
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Journal of Visualized Experiments (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- resident-intruder paradigm, offensive aggression, defensive behavior, social stress, aggression measurement, rats, intruder behavior, chronic social stress
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