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Cited by 248Animal Behavior and ReproductionPrimate Behavior and EcologyAnimal Behavior and Welfare Studies

AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN WILD RATS

BARNETT, S. A.·1958·Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
DOI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1958.tb00565.x
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Abstract

SUMMARY: Wild rats (Battus norvegicus Berkenhout and R. rattus L.) were kept in large cages fitted with nest boxes and supplied with excess food and water. Colonies varied in size from four to twenty rats, and were usually maintained for at least nine weeks. The rats were individually identified and their behaviour studied in detail. Rattus norvegicus. In all‐male colonies there was a low mortality and most of the rats increased in weight. In colonies containing both males and females, mortality was high among the males, very low among the females; most of the males declined in weight, though some grew well. There was however no fighting for females. It is suggested that the extra fighting which took place in these colonies resembled displacement behaviour and was due to excitement evoked by the presence of females combined with frequent frustration. There were no deaths in all‐female colonies, or in colonies of litter mates. Unless parturient, normal females did not display aggressive behaviour except in ‘play’. Males, but not females, added to established colonies, were attacked by resident males and usually died, sometimes within a few hours and often without visible injury. At the beginning of an experiment there was much exploration, both of the cage and of the other rats. Social relationships were established early. Male members of the colonies fell into three classes: (i) alphas, which were the equals or superiors of other males in the colony, and attacked newcomers; (ii) betas, which adapted themselves to a subordinate role, and were ingratiating towards newcomers; (iii) omegas, which were persecuted by one or more alphas and soon died. Alphas and betas gained in weight; omegas lost weight. There were more omegas in male‐female colonies than in those consisting only of males. Amicable behaviour (apart from coitus and care of young) was shown by both sexes and was based mainly on contact ‘releasing’ stimuli: the most specific of a number of amicable responses was crawling under the belly of another rat. Fighting involved a series of stereotyped acts, including tooth chattering and a characteristic threat posture; there was much wild leaping, but biting produced only superficial damage. Rattus rattus. A small number of experiments with R. rattus showed that this species possesses all the components of amicable and aggressive behaviour observed in R. norvegicus, but that it is less fierce and more agile. There was no evidence of extra conflict in male‐female colonies. All‐male colonies containing both species were usually peaceful. R. rattus of either sex added to norvegicus colonies were usually attacked, but not with such intensity or consistency as were male norvegicus; if attacked, they died. R. norvegicus males added to rattus colonies were sometimes attacked, but they did not die. Displacement behaviour and abnormaľ sexual and aggressive behaviour were observed in both species. General. There is no reason to think that dominance hierarchies ever develop in wild rat colonies. Members of a single family do not attack each other. The fighting of wild rats is essentially territorial, not for any specific object. Aggression is most readily evoked in males established in a familiar area, faced with a strange adult male of the same species. In normal females aggression occurs only in defence of a nest containing young. Social responses consist of stereotyped behaviour patterns which are probably innate; but learning plays an important part in determining the choice of response and in secondary adjustments of behaviour to particular circumstances.

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  • Dominance hierarchies are generally less pronounced among domesticated rats than in the wild.

    “Secondly, literature suggests that dominance hierarchies are generally less pronounced among domesticated rats than in the wild.”

    From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [35]

  • Wild rats in mixed-sex cages display increased male mortality in a manner not obviously related to physical violence.

    “Wild rats in mixed-sex cages display increased male mortality in a manner not obviously related to physical violence.33,35”

    From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [35]

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Authors
BARNETT, S. A.
Affiliations
University of Glasgow (GB)
Corresponding author
BARNETT, S. A.
Venue
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1958-01
Volume
130
Issue
1
Pages
107-152
ISSN
0370-2774 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1111/j.1096-3642.1958.tb00565.x
OpenAlex
W2086116470
Cited by
248
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 2
FWCI
9.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 18859 d)
Locations
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Keywords
wild rats, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus, aggression, displacement behavior, social dominance hierarchy, nest boxes, colony size, sex differences in aggression, fighting behavior, interspecific aggression, laboratory colony maintenance

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