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Effects of transcription factor EB on oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by high glucose in podocytes

Kang, Yingli, Li, Ying, Zhang, Tao, Chi, Yanqing, Liu, Maodong·2019·International Journal of Molecular Medicine
DOI 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4209PMC PMC6605469
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Figure 1 HG induces time-dependent changes in TFEB mRNA and protein expression and causes nuclear translocation. The (A) mRNA and (B) protein levels of TFEB in podocytes with different HG-stimulation times were analyzed by western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (C) The protein levels of TFEB in the nucleus and cytosol of podocytes with different HG-stimulation times were detected by western blot analysis. (D) The distribution of TFEB (green) at 48 h after NG and HG was examined by confocal microscopy. Magnification, ×630. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. NG. HG, high glucose; TFEB, transcription factor EB; NG, normal glucose; M, mannitol-hypertonic control.
Figure 1 HG induces time-dependent changes in TFEB mRNA and protein expression and causes nuclear translocation. The (A) mRNA and (B) protein levels of TFEB in podocytes with different HG-stimulation times were analyzed by western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (C) The protein levels of TFEB in the nucleus and cytosol of podocytes with different HG-stimulation times were detected by western blot analysis. (D) The distribution of TFEB (green) at 48 h after NG and HG was examined by confocal microscopy. Magnification, ×630. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. NG. HG, high glucose; TFEB, transcription factor EB; NG, normal glucose; M, mannitol-hypertonic control.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Overexpression of TFEB reduces HG-induced podocyte oxidative stress. The HG + TFEB group transfected with the TFEB expression vector and the HG + control group transfected with an empty plasmid vector were cultured in HG medium for 48 h. Subsequently, (A) mRNA and (B) protein levels of SOD2 and HO1 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. (C) Detection of mitochondrial ROS accumulation by confocal microscopy. (D) Flow cytometry analysis of intracellular ROS using a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Scale bar=25 µm; Magnification, ×630. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. NG group. ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 vs. HG + control group. HG, high glucose; TFEB, transcription factor EB; NG, normal glucose; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2; HO1, anti-heme oxygenase 1; DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate.
Figure 2 Overexpression of TFEB reduces HG-induced podocyte oxidative stress. The HG + TFEB group transfected with the TFEB expression vector and the HG + control group transfected with an empty plasmid vector were cultured in HG medium for 48 h. Subsequently, (A) mRNA and (B) protein levels of SOD2 and HO1 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. (C) Detection of mitochondrial ROS accumulation by confocal microscopy. (D) Flow cytometry analysis of intracellular ROS using a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Scale bar=25 µm; Magnification, ×630. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. NG group. ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 vs. HG + control group. HG, high glucose; TFEB, transcription factor EB; NG, normal glucose; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2; HO1, anti-heme oxygenase 1; DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Overexpression of TFEB can maintain mitochondrial morphology and function. The HG + TFEB group transfected with the TFEB expression vector and the HG + control group transfected with an empty plasmid vector were cultured in HG medium for 48 h. Then, (A) mRNA and (B) protein levels of PGC-1α, TFAM and COX IV were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. (C) The red fluorescence/green fluorescence ratio indicates the change in mitochondrial membrane potential. (D) Detection of mitochondrial morphology by confocal microscopy. Scale bar=10 µm ; Magnification, ×630. (E) Change of mitochondrial membrane potential of podocytes detected by confocal microscopy. Scale bar=25 µm; Magnification, ×630. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. NG group. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 vs. HG + Control group. TFEB, transcription factor EB; HG, high glucose; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α; TFAM, transcription factor mitochondrial; COX IV, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV; NG, normal glucose.
Figure 3 Overexpression of TFEB can maintain mitochondrial morphology and function. The HG + TFEB group transfected with the TFEB expression vector and the HG + control group transfected with an empty plasmid vector were cultured in HG medium for 48 h. Then, (A) mRNA and (B) protein levels of PGC-1α, TFAM and COX IV were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. (C) The red fluorescence/green fluorescence ratio indicates the change in mitochondrial membrane potential. (D) Detection of mitochondrial morphology by confocal microscopy. Scale bar=10 µm ; Magnification, ×630. (E) Change of mitochondrial membrane potential of podocytes detected by confocal microscopy. Scale bar=25 µm; Magnification, ×630. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. NG group. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 vs. HG + Control group. TFEB, transcription factor EB; HG, high glucose; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α; TFAM, transcription factor mitochondrial; COX IV, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV; NG, normal glucose.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Effects of TFEB overexpression on podocyte apoptosis and the Akt/Bad pathway. (A) The expression levels of nephrin, cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 in podocytes exposed to HG at different time points were analyzed by western blot. (B) The expression levels of p-Akt, Akt, p-Bad, Bad and downstream Bcl-xl were detected by western blot. (C) p-Akt, AKT, p-Bad, Bad and Bcl-xl protein expression in the NG, HG, HG + Control, HG + TFEB and HG + TFEB + Ly294002 groups. (D) Nephrin, cleaved-caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression in the NG, HG, HG + Control, HG + TFEB and HG + TFEB + Ly294002 groups. (E) Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of each group when podocytes were exposed to HG for 48 h after overexpression of TFEB. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. NG group. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 vs. HG + Control group. &P<0.05, &&P<0.01, &&&<0.001 vs. HG + TFEB group. TFEB, transcription factor EB; HG, high glucose; p, phosphorylated; NG, normal glucose; M, mannitol-hypertonic control.
Figure 4 Effects of TFEB overexpression on podocyte apoptosis and the Akt/Bad pathway. (A) The expression levels of nephrin, cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 in podocytes exposed to HG at different time points were analyzed by western blot. (B) The expression levels of p-Akt, Akt, p-Bad, Bad and downstream Bcl-xl were detected by western blot. (C) p-Akt, AKT, p-Bad, Bad and Bcl-xl protein expression in the NG, HG, HG + Control, HG + TFEB and HG + TFEB + Ly294002 groups. (D) Nephrin, cleaved-caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression in the NG, HG, HG + Control, HG + TFEB and HG + TFEB + Ly294002 groups. (E) Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of each group when podocytes were exposed to HG for 48 h after overexpression of TFEB. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. NG group. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 vs. HG + Control group. &P<0.05, &&P<0.01, &&&<0.001 vs. HG + TFEB group. TFEB, transcription factor EB; HG, high glucose; p, phosphorylated; NG, normal glucose; M, mannitol-hypertonic control.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Kang, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, T., Chi, Y., & Liu, M.
Affiliations
Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Publisher
Spandidos Publications
Published
2019-05-24
ISSN
  • 1107-3756
  • 1791-244X
DOI
10.3892/ijmm.2019.4209
PMC
PMC6605469
Cited by
7
References
2

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