The DOI matches its Crossref record; 238 of the 241 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Human-made electromagnetic fields: ion forced-oscillation and voltage-gated ion channel dysfunction, oxidative stress and DNA damage (review)
Open accessAbstract
Exposure of animals/biological samples to human‑made electromagnetic fields (EMFs), especially in the extremely low frequency (ELF) band, and the microwave/radio frequency (RF) band which is always combined with ELF, may lead to DNA damage. DNA damage is connected with cell death, infertility and other pathologies, including cancer. ELF exposure from high‑voltage power lines and complex RF exposure from wireless communication antennas/devices are linked to increased cancer risk. Almost all human‑made RF EMFs include ELF components in the form of modulation, pulsing and random variability. Thus, in addition to polarization and coherence, the existence of ELFs is a common feature of almost all human‑made EMFs. The present study reviews the DNA damage and related effects induced by human‑made EMFs. The ion forced‑oscillation mechanism for irregular gating of voltage‑gated ion channels on cell membranes by polarized/coherent EMFs is extensively described. Dysfunction of ion channels disrupts intracellular ionic concentrations, which determine the cell's electrochemical balance and homeostasis. The present study shows how this can result in DNA damage through reactive oxygen species/free radical overproduction. Thus, a complete picture is provided of how human‑made EMF exposure may indeed lead to DNA damage and related pathologies, including cancer. Moreover, it is suggested that the non‑thermal biological effects attributed to RF EMFs are actually due to their ELF components.
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“In addition to this, magnetic fields at these frequencies have the potential to disturb intracellular ionic concentrations, which can indirectly affect neural activity and cellular homeostasis (Kletetschka et al., 2021; Panagopoulos et al., 2021).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Panagopoulos et al., 2021
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Ma, T., Ding, Q., Liu, C., & Wu, H. K. (2023) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-023-03303-w · Cited by 75
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Sun, Y., Zhifeng, X., Chen, B., Zhao, Y., & Dai, J. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202400346 · Cited by 38
Metadata
- Authors
- Panagopoulos, D., Karabarbounis, A., Yakymenko, I., & Chrousos, G.
- Affiliations
- National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos" (GR)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (UA)
- Corresponding author
- Panagopoulos, Dimitris
- ORCID
- Chrousos, George
- Venue
- International Journal of Oncology
- Publisher
- Spandidos Publications
- Published
- 2021-10-06
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 5
- ISSN
- 1019-6439 (ISSN-L)
- 1791-2423
- PMC
- PMC8562392
- OpenAlex
- W3204408751
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 241
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- International Journal of Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (16599)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Keywords
- extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, DNA damage, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, voltage-gated ion channels, non-thermal biological effects, cancer risk, power transmission lines, wireless devices
- MeSH terms
- Animals, DNA Damage, Electromagnetic Fields, Humans, Ion Channel Gating, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress
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