Cited by 122Treatment of Major DepressionElectroconvulsive Therapy StudiesMental Health Treatment and Access

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Treatment-Resistant Depression: Approaches to Treatment

Kverno, Karan S., Mangano, Emma·2021·Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services

DOI 10.3928/02793695-20210816-01

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Abstract

Approximately 30% of people treated for a major depressive episode will not achieve remission after two or more treatment trials of first-line antidepressants and are considered to have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Because the odds of remission decrease with every subsequent medication trial, it is important for clinicians to understand the characteristics and risk factors for TRD, subtypes of major depressive disorder that are more likely to be less responsive to first-line anti-depressants, and the available treatment options. In the current article, we review the approved treatments for TRD, including esketamine, and the evidence for psilocybin and pramipexole. Although limited in specificity, guidelines to help prescribers identify person-centered treatments for TRD are available. [ Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59 (9), 7–11.]

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“29 Quetiapine, another atypical antipsychotic, blocks dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors and has affinity for other serotonin, norepinephrine, and histamine receptors, which can alleviate depressive symptoms and is used in the treatment of TRD. 30 This study shows that the efficacy of quetiapine combined with S…”
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Authors: Kverno, K. S., & Mangano, E.
ORCID: Kverno, Karan S.
Mangano, Emma
Venue: Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
Published: 2021-09
Volume: 59
Issue: 9
Pages: 7-11
ISSN: 0279-3695 (ISSN-L)
1938-2413
DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20210816-01
OpenAlex: W3196802696
Cited by: 121
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 9
FWCI: 2.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: treatment-resistant depression, major depressive disorder, antidepressant treatment, esketamine, psilocybin, pramipexole, depression subtypes, depression remission
MeSH terms: Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Drug Therapy, Combination, Humans, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant

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Treatment-Resistant Depression: Approaches to Treatment

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