A higher ratio of beans to white rice is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factors in Costa Rican adults
Open accessAbstract
Background A high intake of white rice is associated with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Costa Ricans follow a staple dietary pattern that includes white rice and beans, yet the combined role of these foods on cardiometabolic risk factors has not been studied.Objective We aimed to determine the association between intake of white rice and beans and the metabolic syndrome and its components in Costa Rican adults (n = 1879) without diabetes.Design Multivariate-adjusted means were calculated for components of the metabolic syndrome by daily servings of white rice and beans (<1, 1, or >1) and by the ratio of beans to white rice. The OR for the metabolic syndrome was calculated by substituting one serving of beans for one serving of white rice.Results An increase in daily servings of white rice was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (BP), triglycerides, and fasting glucose and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol (P-trend <0.01 for all). An increase in servings of beans was inversely associated with diastolic BP (P = 0.049). Significant trends for higher HDL cholesterol and lower BP and triglycerides were observed for 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 ratios of beans to white rice. Substituting one serving of beans for one serving of white rice was associated with a 35% (95% CI: 15%, 50%) lower risk of the metabolic syndrome.Conclusion Increasing the ratio of beans to white rice, or limiting the intake of white rice by substituting beans, may lower cardiometabolic risk factors.
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A meta-analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies (n=296,849) found increased glycemic load associated with a 27% increased coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction risk.
“A meta-analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies (n=296,849) (107) found increased GL associated with a 27% increased coronary heart disease (CHD) and MI risk (108).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [108]
Substituting beans for white rice reduced the odds of metabolic syndrome by 35%.
“and substituting beans for white rice reduced the odds of metabolic syndrome by 35% (108).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [108]
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- Authors
- Mattei, J., Hu, F. B., & Campos, H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 869-872
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3155926
- OpenAlex
- W2154745621
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 60692, HL49086, R01HL049086, R01HL060692)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- beans, white rice, metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic risk factors, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, dietary substitution
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Costa Rica, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Female, Humans, Fabaceae, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Oryza, Risk Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Metabolic Syndrome
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