The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The effect of coffee on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in hypertensive individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background The effect of coffee and caffeine on blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hypertensive persons is uncertain.Objective The objective was to summarize the evidence on the acute and longer-term effects of caffeine and coffee intake on BP and on the association between habitual coffee consumption and risk of CVD in hypertensive individuals.Design A systematic review and meta-analysis of publications identified in a PubMed and EMBASE search up to 30 April 2011 was undertaken. Data were extracted from controlled trials on the effect of caffeine or coffee intake on BP change and from cohort studies on the association between habitual coffee consumption and CVD.Results In 5 trials, the administration of 200-300 mg caffeine produced a mean increase of 8.1 mm Hg (95% CI: 5.7, 10.6 mm Hg) in systolic BP and of 5.7 mm Hg (95% CI: 4.1, 7.4 mm Hg) in diastolic BP. The increase in BP was observed in the first hour after caffeine intake and lasted ≥3 h. In 3 studies of the longer-term effect (2 wk) of coffee, no increase in BP was observed after coffee was compared with a caffeine-free diet or was compared with decaffeinated coffee. Last, 7 cohort studies found no evidence of an association between habitual coffee consumption and a higher risk of CVD.Conclusions In hypertensive individuals, caffeine intake produces an acute increase in BP for ≥3 h. However, current evidence does not support an association between longer-term coffee consumption and increased BP or between habitual coffee consumption and an increased risk of CVD in hypertensive subjects.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In other contexts, however, it may transiently elevate blood pressure, alter vascular reactivity, and impose additional cardiovascular strain in susceptible populations [21,22].”
From Pre-Exercise Caffeine as a Modulator of Exercise-Induced Acute Cardiometabolic Responses: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Acute caffeine-induced blood pressure responses are notably more pronounced in non-habitual users, individuals with borderline elevated blood pressure, and those with latent hypertension [21].”
From Pre-Exercise Caffeine as a Modulator of Exercise-Induced Acute Cardiometabolic Responses: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“single caffeine doses of 200 to 300 mg induced a mean increase in SBP and DBP of 8.1 mmHg (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 5.7-10.6 mmHg) and 5.7 mmHg (95 % CI = 4.1-7.4mmHg), respectively, which was observed in the first 60 minutes after intake and persisted up to 180 minutes afterwards.”
From Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine (2015) · cites this paper as Mesas et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“However, short-term metabolic studies have shown that caffeine can acutely increase blood pressure by antagonizing the adenosine A1 and A2A receptor,35–37 and could also acutely adversely affect arterial stiffness and endothelium dependent vasodilation.38, 39”
From Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies (2014) · cites this paper as [36]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164
Chobanian, A. V. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.19.2560 · Cited by 25,386
Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology<SUBTITLE>A Proposal for Reporting</SUBTITLE>
Stroup, D. F. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 · Cited by 20,623
Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias
Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533446 · Cited by 16,955
2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
Authors Task Force Members, Mancia, G., Fagard, R., Narkiewicz, K., Redon, J., Zanchetti, A., Böhm, M., Christiaens, T., Cífková, R., Backer, G. D., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht151 · Cited by 13,739
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006 · Cited by 10,578
2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension
Mancia, G., Backer, G. D., Dominiczak, A. F., Cífková, R., Fagard, R. H., Germanò, G., Grassi, G. M., Heagerty, A. M., Kjeldsen, S. E., Laurent, S., et al. (2007) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3281fc975a · Cited by 5,870
2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
Mancia, G., Backer, G. D., Dominiczak, A. F., Cifkova, R., Fagard, R., Germano, G., Grassi, G. M., Heagerty, A. M., Kjeldsen, S. E., Laurent, S., et al. (2007) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm236 · Cited by 2,410
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version 5.0.2. In: The Cochrane Collaboration. Chippenham, United Kingdom: Wiley, 2009.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–350 of 350
Mioto, B. M. (2016) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2016.tde-24022016-150125
Cheng, M., Hu, Z., Lu, X., Huang, J., & Gu, D. (2014)
Tuminah, S., & Riyadina, W. (2014) · Gizi Indonesia · doi:10.36457/gizindo.v37i1.148
de Cardiologia, P., & Paulo, S. (2015)
Exploring Factors Impacting Veterans' Hypertension Control
Liu, J. (2017) · Digital USD (University of San Diego) · doi:10.22371/07.2017.006
Smolders (2017) · doi:10.26481/dis.20170706ls
Caffeine and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Tanner, G. A., & Tanner, J. A. (2017) · Journal of Caffeine Research · doi:10.1089/jcr.2017.0027
Inserra, F., Salazar, M., Wassermann, A., Lavenia, G., Miatello, R. M., Renna, N. F., Janson, J. J., & Filippini, F. (2014) · Revista Argentina de Cardioangiología Intervencionista · doi:10.30567/raci/201404/0253-0263
Whole Plant Foods and Hypertension
Dreher, M. L. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59180-3_14
Potenziell gesunde Nahrungsmittel und Nahrungsinhaltstoffe
Rabast, U. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-56512-4_15
Soares, M. J. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.6.2018.tde-16102018-142246
Taurine and dopamine-related effects of ethanol. An experimental study in rodents
Ulenius, L. (2019) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Ortolá, R., Carballo‐Casla, A., García‐Esquinas, E., López‐García, E., Banegas, J. R., & Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F. (2020) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa126
Approach to Secondary Hypertension
Byrd, J. B., Bisognano, J. D., & Brook, R. D. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28328-5_12
(2018) · Mardaga eBooks · doi:10.3917/mard.scave.2018.01.0289
Lack of Evidence for Blood Pressure Effects of Caffeine Added to Ibuprofen
Weiser, T. W., Lampert, A., & Lange, R. (2022) · Current Drug Safety · doi:10.2174/1574886317666220414125027
The Relationship Between Caffeinated Coffee and CVD Risk as well as Blood Pressure
Qin, H. (2022) · Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology · doi:10.54097/hset.v2i.559
Arnesen, E. (2013) · Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring · doi:10.18261/ntfe.11.4.2
Aiello, J. J., Nagelkirk, P. R., Sackett, J. R., Fitzgerald, L. F., Hargens, T. A., Saunders, M. J., El‐Sohemy, A., & Womack, C. J. (2022) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14323-9
Potenziell gesunde Nahrungsmittel und Nahrungsinhaltstoffe
Rabast, U. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65230-5_20
Efecto de la ingesta de polifenoles en biomarcadores y riesgo cardiovascular
García, M. R. (2022) · Buleria (Universidad de León) · doi:10.18002/10612/15968
Café y cafeína y sus efectos sobre la salud
Vera-Ponce, V. J. (2021) · Revista Peruana de Medicina Integrativa · doi:10.26722/rpmi.2021.v6n4.33
Park, W., Lee, D., Beak, H. J., & Hong, K. (2024) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.22514/jomh.2024.030
Chellappan, A., & Kansal, K. (2024) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1619_23
Hypertension and effects of coffee-derived analytes caffeic and chlorogenic acids
Agunloye, O. M., Francis, A. O., & Oboh, G. (2024) · Coffee in Health and Disease Prevention · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13868-3.00068-5
Abuelsoud, N. N., & Abdelraouf, F. H. (2025) · Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology · doi:10.52711/0974-360x.2025.00124
Coffee and Cardiovascular Disease
Surma, S., & Narkiewicz, K. (2025) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781839166853-00181
Wong, Z. Z. B., Soh, Q. X., Mau, A. W. K., Xia, W. H., & Soh, Q. R. (2026) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2026.2672448
Aluko, E. O., Ben, E. E., & Bassey, G. E. (2025) · Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0118715257376503250612101133
Coffee and Arterial Hypertension
Surma, S., Francuz, T., Lip, G. Y. H., & Narkiewicz, K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93459-9_3
Xue, Y., Jiang, W., Tang, Y., Niu, F., Liu, H., Yang, R., Qiao, C., Zuo, Y., Han, T., Wei, W., et al. (2025) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104288
Konutse, O. W., Norvivor, F. A., Puplampu, P. N., & Atiedu, J. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7624331/v1
Chan, L., Hong, C.-T., & Bai, C.-H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16726970
Yao, H., Li, L., Wang, X., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26384552
Yang, M., Zhang, L., Chen, X., Lin, Y., Lin, J., Ni, Z., Hu, X., Pan, J., Wu, K., Zhang, M. X., et al. (2026) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104539 · Cited by 1
THE IMPACT OF CAFFEINE ON SURGERY
Nowak, W. E., Harbut, P., Białoń, A., Walczak, D., Kruk, A., Jakubowska, K., Dorosz, A., Gawłowski, I., Miśta, A., & Jurczenko, L. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4829
Sakamoto, R., Ninomiya, Y., Fukuie, M., Takahashi, K., & Sugawara, J. (2026) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-026-06202-z
O'Gorman, A., Vo, L. N.-D., & Eisen, D. B. (2026) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1097/dss.0000000000005101
Debating coffee and hypertension: coffee does not increase the risk of chronic hypertension
Grassi, G. M. (2026) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpag028
Exploring the link between coffee consumption and hypertension risk
Hamid, U. A., & Suryoadji, K. A. (2024) · Journal of Health and Therapy · doi:10.53088/jht.v3i2.2370
Karpiel, I. S., Gazdzinski, S. P., Przewodzka, A., Duch, K., Jonik, M., & Urzeniczok, M. (2026) · Polish Journal of Medical Physics And Engineering · doi:10.2478/pjmpe-2026-0010
Azikiwe, C. A., Chijioke, C., Ogbonna, B., Nwaneli, C. U., Chukwuka, F., & Egbunike, J. (2026) · Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics · doi:10.22270/jddt.v16i7.7881
Verroest, L., Jokelainen, J., Choudhary, S., Walkowiak, J., Karhu, T., Palaniswamy, S., Auvinen, J., Järvelin, M., Herzig, K., & Raza, G. S. (2026) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-026-04038-z
Janani, F. Z., Taoufik, N., Hjouji, K., Elhalil, A., Sadiq, M., & Barka, N. (2026) · Journal of the Indian Chemical Society · doi:10.1016/j.jics.2026.102914
Potential Health Risks Associated with Sports Supplementation Use in Athletes
Cai, J., Wang, T., & Li, S. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18152490
Zhang, S., Liu, J., Liu, H., Liu, W., Chen, N., Zhu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., & Zhao, B. (2026) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.72947
Metadata
- Authors
- Mesas, A. E., Leon-Muñoz, L. M., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F., & Lopez-Garcia, E.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- ORCID
- Mesas, Arthur Eumann
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1113-1126
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121680741
- Cited by
- 350
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- coffee consumption, caffeine, blood pressure, hypertension, cardiovascular risk, acute blood pressure response, decaffeinated coffee
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Pressure, Caffeine, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coffee, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
