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Fruit, vegetable, and fiber intake in relation to cancer risk: findings from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Open accessAbstract
Fruit, vegetables, and certain components of plant foods, such as fiber, have long been thought to protect against cancer. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is a prospective cohort that includes >500,000 participants from 10 European countries and has made a substantial contribution to knowledge in this research area. The purpose of this article is to summarize the findings published thus far from the EPIC study on the associations between fruit, vegetable, or fiber consumption and the risk of cancer at 14 different sites. The risk of cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract was inversely associated with fruit intake but was not associated with vegetable intake. The risk of colorectal cancer was inversely associated with intakes of total fruit and vegetables and total fiber, and the risk of liver cancer was also inversely associated with the intake of total fiber. The risk of cancer of the lung was inversely associated with fruit intake but was not associated with vegetable intake; this association with fruit intake was restricted to smokers and might be influenced by residual confounding due to smoking. There was a borderline inverse association of fiber intake with breast cancer risk. For the other 9 cancer sites studied (stomach, biliary tract, pancreas, cervix, endometrium, prostate, kidney, bladder, and lymphoma) there were no reported significant associations of risk with intakes of total fruit, vegetables, or fiber.
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“Bradbury et al., reported a large-scale study (>500,000 participants) of the associations between fruit, vegetable, or fiber consumption and the risk of cancer at 14 different sites.”
From NO-Rich Diet for Lifestyle-Related Diseases (2015) · cites this paper as [145]
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“They showed that there was an inverse association between fruit intake and the risk of upper gastrointestinal tract and lung cancer, as well as an inverse association between fiber intake and liver cancer.”
From NO-Rich Diet for Lifestyle-Related Diseases (2015) · cites this paper as [145]
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“The dietary intake of vegetables, as well as fruits and fiber, was inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer, suggesting that there is little evidence that vegetable intake is associated with the risk of any of the individual cancer sites reviewed [145].”
From NO-Rich Diet for Lifestyle-Related Diseases (2015) · cites this paper as [145]
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Thomson, C. A., & Straub, D. (2015) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b18833-10
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bradbury, K. E., Appleby, P. N., & Key, T. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 100
- Pages
- 394S-398S
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003989043
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 5.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, dietary fiber, cancer risk, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, upper gastrointestinal cancer, smoking, residual confounding, EPIC cohort
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Dietary Fiber, Feeding Behavior, Fruit, Humans, Neoplasms, Vegetables
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