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Interindividual differences in response to plant-based diets: implications for cancer risk
Open accessAbstract
Genetic differences in taste preference, food tolerance, and phytochemical absorption and metabolism all potentially influence the effect of plant-based diets on cancer risk. Diet is a mixture of carcinogens, mutagens, and protective agents, many of which are metabolized by biotransformation enzymes. Genetic polymorphisms that alter protein expression or enzyme function can modify risk. Genotypes associated with more favorable handling of carcinogens may be associated with less favorable handling of phytochemicals. For example, glutathione S-transferases detoxify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metabolize isothiocyanates, which are chemopreventive compounds in cruciferous vegetables. A polymorphism in the GSTM1 gene results in lack of GSTM1-1 protein. Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that lack of GSTM1 enzyme is associated with more rapid excretion of the isothiocyanate sulforaphane; therefore, individuals who have this genetic variation may derive less benefit from consuming cruciferous vegetables. Flavonoids are conjugated with glucuronide and sulfate and are excreted in urine and bile. Polymorphisms in UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases may contribute to variability in phytochemical clearance and efficacy. Genetic polymorphisms in enzymes that metabolize phytochemicals may account in part for variation in disease risk and also have to be considered in the context of other aspects of human genetics, gut bacterial genetics, and environmental exposures.
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“Various enzymes involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics and dietary compounds also show genetic polymorphisms (183, 184).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lampe, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lampe, Johanna W
- ORCID
- Lampe, Johanna W
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1553S-1557S
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2677005
- OpenAlex
- W2168555105
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Keywords
- plant-based diet, cancer risk, genetic polymorphism, interindividual variability, taste preference, food tolerance, glutathione S-transferase, GSTM1, isothiocyanates, sulforaphane, cruciferous vegetables, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, flavonoid metabolism, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, sulfotransferase, biotransformation enzymes, chemoprevention, gut microbiota
- MeSH terms
- Edible Grain, Food Preferences, Fruit, Glutathione Transferase, Humans, Neoplasms, Nuts, Polymorphism, Genetic, Seeds, Taste, Glucuronosyltransferase, Vegetables, Diet, Vegetarian, Risk Assessment
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