A low-fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A randomized, controlled, 74-wk clinical trial
Open accessAbstract
Background Low-fat vegetarian and vegan diets are associated with weight loss, increased insulin sensitivity, and improved cardiovascular health.Objective We compared the effects of a low-fat vegan diet and conventional diabetes diet recommendations on glycemia, weight, and plasma lipids.Design Free-living individuals with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to a low-fat vegan diet (n = 49) or a diet following 2003 American Diabetes Association guidelines (conventional, n = 50) for 74 wk. Glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1c)) and plasma lipids were assessed at weeks 0, 11, 22, 35, 48, 61, and 74. Weight was measured at weeks 0, 22, and 74.Results Weight loss was significant within each diet group but not significantly different between groups (-4.4 kg in the vegan group and -3.0 kg in the conventional diet group, P = 0.25) and related significantly to Hb A(1c) changes (r = 0.50, P = 0.001). Hb A(1c) changes from baseline to 74 wk or last available values were -0.34 and -0.14 for vegan and conventional diets, respectively (P = 0.43). Hb A(1c) changes from baseline to last available value or last value before any medication adjustment were -0.40 and 0.01 for vegan and conventional diets, respectively (P = 0.03). In analyses before alterations in lipid-lowering medications, total cholesterol decreased by 20.4 and 6.8 mg/dL in the vegan and conventional diet groups, respectively (P = 0.01); LDL cholesterol decreased by 13.5 and 3.4 mg/dL in the vegan and conventional groups, respectively (P = 0.03).Conclusions Both diets were associated with sustained reductions in weight and plasma lipid concentrations. In an analysis controlling for medication changes, a low-fat vegan diet appeared to improve glycemia and plasma lipids more than did conventional diabetes diet recommendations. Whether the observed differences provide clinical benefit for the macro- or microvascular complications of diabetes remains to be established. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00276939.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
People following low-carbohydrate diets may need long-term reductions in diabetes medication doses.
“Even so, persons on low-carbohydrate diets may chronically experience the need for reductions in doses of DM medications.711,712”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [712]
The Intervention section describes a low-fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet, not low-carbohydrate diets. The Dietary intake, adherence, and medication changes section reports that some participants had lower diabetes-medication dosages after 74 weeks, but it does not establish that people following low-carbohydrate diets may need such reductions. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVegetarian or vegan eating plans often resulted in weight loss.
“These eating plans often resulted in weight loss (92 -97).”
From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [96]
Vegetarian or vegan eating plans often resulted in weight loss.
“These eating plans often resulted in weight loss (92 -97).”
From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [97]
Low-carbohydrate diets reducing carbohydrates to 26% to 46% of daily calories and very low-carbohydrate diets restricting carbohydrates to 20 to 50 grams per day sufficient to induce ketosis are both safe for people with type 2 diabetes.
“Low-carbohydrate diets that reduce carbohydrates to 26% to 46% of daily calories and very lowecarbohydrate diets that restrict carbohydrates to 20 to 50 grams per day sufficient to induce ketosis are both safe for persons with T2D.707–714,929,930”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [712]
The Intervention section describes a low-fat vegan diet prescribed at 75% carbohydrate and a conventional diabetes diet, not either low-carbohydrate regimen in the claim. A search for the stated carbohydrate ranges, ketosis, and low-carbohydrate safety found no passage assessing whether those regimens are safe for people with type 2 diabetes. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThree other trials found no differences between lacto-vegetarian or vegan diets versus conventional dietary recommendations for improving weight loss, blood pressure, blood lipids, or insulin resistance.
“Three other trials found no differences between lacto-vegetarian or vegan diets versus conventional dietary recommendations for improving weight loss, BP, blood lipids, or insulin resistance.119–122”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [120]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Impaired Mitochondrial Activity in the Insulin-Resistant Offspring of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Petersen, K. F., Dufour, S., Befroy, D., Garcia, R., & Shulman, G. I. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa031314 · Cited by 2,193 · see citing works
Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease?
Ornish, D., Brown, S. E., Billings, J. H., Scherwitz, L. W., Armstrong, W. T., Ports, T. A., McLanahan, S. M., Kirkeeide, R. L., Gould, K. L., & Brand, R. J. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)91656-u · Cited by 2,110 · see citing works
Intensive Lifestyle Changes for Reversal of Coronary Heart Disease
Ornish, D. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.280.23.2001 · Cited by 1,730 · see citing works
Franz, M. J., Bantle, J. P., Beebe, C. A., Brunzell, J. D., Chiasson, J.-L., Garg, A., Holzmeister, L. A., Hoogwerf, B., Mayer-Davis, E., Mooradian, A. D., et al. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.1.148 · Cited by 1,165 · see citing works
Dietary Fiber and Weight Regulation
Howarth, N. C., Saltzman, E. J., & Roberts, S. B. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb07001.x · Cited by 1,053 · see citing works
A method to assess energy expenditure in children and adults.
Bouchard, C., Tremblay, A., Leblanc, C., Lortie, G., Savard, R., & Thériault, G. (1983) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/37.3.461 · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Keller, K. (2008) · Encyclopedia of Obesity · doi:10.4135/9781412963862.n17 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Sources of data for developing and maintaining a nutrient database.
Schakel, S., Sievert, Y. A., & Buzzard, I. M. (1988) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(21)07997-9 · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Food synergy: an operational concept for understanding nutrition
Jacobs, D. R., Gross, M. D., & Tapsell, L. C. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736b · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Jenkins, D. J. A. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.4.502 · Cited by 620 · see citing works
Self-citationCraig, W. J. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736n · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Potential contributions of food consumption patterns to climate change
Carlsson‐Kanyama, A., & González, A. D. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736aa · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Barnard, N. D., Cohen, J., Jenkins, D. J. A., Turner-McGrievy, G., Gloede, L., Jaster, B., Seidl, K., Green, A. A., & Talpers, S. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-0606 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Self-citationPosition of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: Vegetarian diets
(2003) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1053/jada.2003.50142 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Vegetarian diets: what do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases?
Fraser, G. E. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736k · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Kendall, A., Levitsky, D., Strupp, B., & Lissner, L. (1991) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/53.5.1124 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Diet and the environment: does what you eat matter?
Marlow, H. J., Hayes, W. K., Soret, S., Carter, R. L., Schwab, E. R., & Sabaté, J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736z · Cited by 301 · see citing works
FRANZ, M. J., MONK, A., BARRY, B., McCLAIN, K., WEAVER, T., COOPER, N., UPHAM, P., BERGENSTAL, R., & MAZZE, R. S. (1995) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00276-6 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Nuts and novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease
Ros, E. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736r · Cited by 266 · cited 1× · see citing works
“On sulfonylurea [n (%)] 25 (51) 29 (58) 0.”
Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Spencer, E. A., Travis, R. C., Roddam, A., & Allen, N. E. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736l · Cited by 253 · see citing works
High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets for insulin-treated men with diabetes mellitus
Anderson, J., & Ward, K. (1979) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/32.11.2312 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Franz, M., Bantle, J., Beebe, C., Brunzell, J., Chiasson, J., Garg, A., Holzmeister, L. A., Hoogwerf, B., Mayer-Davis, E., Mooradian, A., et al. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2007.s51 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Low-glycemic index diet in hyperlipidemia: use of traditional starchy foods
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Kalmusky, J., Guidici, S., Giordano, C. S. D. S., Patten, R., Wóng, G. S., Bird, J., Hall, M., & Buckley, G. (1987) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/46.1.66 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationType 2 diabetes and the vegetarian diet
Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Marchie, A., Jenkins, A. L., Augustin, L. S., Ludwig, D. S., Barnard, N. D., & Anderson, J. W. (2003) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.3.610s · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationKennedy, E., Bowman, S., Spence, J. T., Freedman, M. R., & King, J. C. (2001) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00108-0 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Interpreting Incomplete Data in Studies of Diet and Weight Loss
Ware, J. H. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme030054 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Barnard, N., Scialli, A., Turner-McGrievy, G. M., Lanou, A., & Glass, J. (2005) · American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.03.039 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationNuts and health outcomes: new epidemiologic evidence
Sabaté, J., & Ang, Y. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736q · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Miller, C. K., Edwards, L., Kissling, G., & Sanville, L. (2002) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.2001.0985 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Can Lifestyle Changes Reverse Coronary Heart Disease?
Ornish, D. M. (2015) · World review of nutrition and dietetics · doi:10.1159/000422326 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Vegetarian Diets and Weight Status
Berkow, S. E., & Barnard, N. D. (2006) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00200.x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationFranz, M. J., Bantle, J. M., Beebe, C., Brunzell, J. D., Chiasson, J. ‐., Garg, A., Holzmeister, L. A., Hoogwerf, B. J., Mayer‐Davis, E. J., Mooradian, A. D., et al. (2002) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90031-3 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Goldhaber‐Fiebert, J. D., Goldhaber-Fiebert, S. N., Tristán, M. L., & Nathan, D. M. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.1.24 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Is equol the key to the efficacy of soy foods?
Lampe, J. W. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736t · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Spencer, E. A., Travis, R. C., Roddam, A., & Allen, N. E. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736m · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Barnard, N. D., Gloede, L., Cohen, J., Jenkins, D. J. A., Turner-McGrievy, G., Green, A. A., & Ferdowsian, H. (2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.10.049 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationBeunckens, C., Molenberghs, G., & Kenward, M. G. (2005) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1191/1740774505cn119oa · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Rajaram, S., Haddad, E. H., Mejía, A., & Sabaté, J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736s · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Diet and exercise in the treatment of NIDDM. The need for early emphasis
Barnard, R. J., Jung, T., & Inkeles, S. B. (1994) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.17.12.1469 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
A Two‐Year Randomized Weight Loss Trial Comparing a Vegan Diet to a More Moderate Low‐Fat Diet
Turner‐McGrievy, G. M., Barnard, N. D., & Scialli, A. R. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.270 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationTurner‐McGrievy, G. M., Barnard, N. D., Cohen, J., Jenkins, D., Gloede, L., & Green, A. A. (2008) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.07.015 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationPlant foods and plant-based diets: protective against childhood obesity?
Newby, P. K. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736g · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Vitamin B-12 and homocysteine status among vegetarians: a global perspective
Elmadfa, I., & Singer, I. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736y · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Soybean ferritin: implications for iron status of vegetarians
Lönnerdal, B. L. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736w · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Interindividual differences in response to plant-based diets: implications for cancer risk
Lampe, J. W. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736d · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Chan, J., Jaceldo‐Siegl, K., & Fraser, G. E. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Should dairy be recommended as part of a healthy vegetarian diet? Counterpoint
Lanou, A. J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736p · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Perspectives on the soy-breast cancer relation
Messina, M., & Wu, A. H. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736v · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Willis, L., Shukitt‐Hale, B., & Joseph, J. A. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736j · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Simon, J. A., Chen, Y., & Bent, S. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736e · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The health implications of soy infant formula
Badger, T. M., Gilchrist, J. M., Pivik, R. T., Andres, A., Shankar, K., Chen, J., & Ronis, M. J. J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736u · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Should dairy be recommended as part of a healthy vegetarian diet? Point
Weaver, C. M. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736o · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Veganism and its relationship with insulin resistance and intramyocellular lipid
Goff, L. M., Bell, J. D., So, P., Dornhorst, A., & Frost, G. S. (2004) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602076 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ziemer, D. C., Berkowitz, K. J., Panayioto, R. M., El-Kebbi, I. M., Musey, V. C., Anderson, L. A., Wanko, N. S., Fowke, M. L., Brazier, C. W., Dunbar, V. G., et al. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.6.1719 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Pischke, C. R., Weidner, G., Elliott-Eller, M., Scherwitz, L., Merritt-Worden, T. A., Marlin, R., Lipsenthal, L., Finkel, R., Saunders, D., McCormac, P., et al. (2006) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.11.051 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Pierce, J. P., Natarajan, L., Caan, B. J., Flatt, S. W., Kealey, S., Gold, E. B., Hajek, R. A., Newman, V. A., Rock, C. L., Pu, M., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736f · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Food, plant food, and vegetarian diets in the US dietary guidelines: conclusions of an expert panel
Jacobs, D. R., Haddad, E. H., Lanou, A. J., & Messina, M. J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736c · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Barnard, N., Scialli, A., Turner-McGrievy, G. M., & Lanou, A. (2004) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation (JCR) · doi:10.1097/00008483-200407000-00004 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationWilson, D., Bogacz, J. P., Forsythe, C. M., Turk, P. J., Lane, T. L., Gates, R. C., & Brandt, D. (1993) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/39.10.2090 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Turner‐McGrievy, G. M., Barnard, N. D., Scialli, A. R., & Lanou, A. J. (2004) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2004.05.005 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationGeophysics and nutritional science: toward a novel, unified paradigm
Eshel, G., & Martin, P. A. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736bb · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Do vegetarians have to eat fish for optimal cardiovascular protection?
Mangat, I. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736i · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Acceptability of a Therapeutic Low-Fat, Vegan Diet in Premenopausal Women
Barnard, N. D., Scialli, A. R., Bertron, P., Hurlock, D., & Edmonds, K. (2000) · Journal of Nutrition Education · doi:10.1016/s0022-3182(00)70590-5 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationDiabetes And The Vegetarian Diet
Little, J. (1999) · Practice Nursing · doi:10.12968/pnur.1999.10.6.16 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Adherence and Acceptability of a Low-Fat, Vegetarian Diet Among Patients With Cardiac Disease
Barnard, N. D., Scherwitz, L. W., & Ornish, D. M. (1992) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00008483-199211000-00009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationRajaram, S., & Sabaté, J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736a · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report
Evert, A. B., Dennison, M., Gardner, C. D., Garvey, W. T., Lau, K. H. K., MacLeod, J., Mitri, J., Pereira, R. F., Rawlings, K., Robinson, S., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci19-0014 · Cited by 1,496 · see citing works
Prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: dietary components and nutritional strategies
Ley, S. H., Hamdy, O., Mohan, V., & Hu, F. B. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60613-9 · Cited by 1,301 · see citing works
Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes
Evert, A. B., Boucher, J. L., Cypress, M., Dunbar, S. A., Franz, M. J., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Neumiller, J. J., Nwankwo, R., Verdi, C. L., Urbanski, P., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2042 · Cited by 1,129 · see citing works
Satija, A., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Rimm, E. B., Spiegelman, D., Chiuve, S. E., Borgi, L., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., Sun, Q., & Hu, F. B. (2016) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002039 · Cited by 1,069 · see citing works
Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes
Evert, A. B., Boucher, J. L., Cypress, M., Dunbar, S. A., Franz, M. J., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Neumiller, J. J., Nwankwo, R., Verdi, C. L., Urbanski, P., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-s120 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Food synergy: an operational concept for understanding nutrition
Jacobs, D. R., Gross, M. D., & Tapsell, L. C. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736b · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review
Khazrai, Y. M., Defeudis, G., & Pozzilli, P. (2013) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2515 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Craig, W. J. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736n · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Potential contributions of food consumption patterns to climate change
Carlsson‐Kanyama, A., & González, A. D. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736aa · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Obesity, adiposity, and dyslipidemia: a consensus statement from the National Lipid Association
Bays, H. E., Toth, P. P., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Abate, N., Aronne, L. J., Brown, W. V., Gonzalez-Campoy, J. M., Jones, S. R., Kumar, R., La Forge, R., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2013.04.001 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights
Mozaffarian, D., Appel, L. J., & Van Horn, L. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.968735 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Blonde, L., Umpierrez, G. E., Reddy, S. S., McGill, J. B., Berga, S. L., Bush, M., Chandrasekaran, S., DeFronzo, R. A., Einhorn, D., Galindo, R. J., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.002 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Chlorinated Persistent Organic Pollutants, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes
Lee, D., Porta, M. S., Jacobs, D. R., & Vandenberg, L. N. (2014) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2013-1084 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease.
Hooper, L., Summerbell, C., Thompson, R. L., Sills, D., Roberts, F. G., Moore, H., & Smith, G. D. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002137.pub3 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Vegetarian diets: what do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases?
Fraser, G. E. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736k · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Tobias, D. K., Chen, M., Manson, J. E., Ludwig, D. S., Willett, W., & Hu, F. B. (2015) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00367-8 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Qian, F., Liu, G., Hu, F. B., Bhupathiraju, S. N., & Sun, Q. (2019) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2195 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Macronutrients, Food Groups, and Eating Patterns in the Management of Diabetes
Wheeler, M. L., Dunbar, S. A., Jaacks, L. M., Karmally, W., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Wylie-Rosett, J., & Yancy, W. S. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-2216 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
The effects of plant-based diets on the body and the brain: a systematic review
Medawar, E., Hühn, S., Villringer, A., & Witte, A. V. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0552-0 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Wang, F., Zheng, J., Yang, B., Jiang, J., Fu, Y., & Li, D. (2015) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.002408 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease.
Hooper, L., Martin, N., Jimoh, O., Kirk, C., Foster, E., & Abdelhamid, A. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011737.pub3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Vegetarian diets and weight reduction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Huang, R.-Y., Huang, C.-C., Hu, F. B., & Chavarro, J. E. (2016) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-015-3390-7 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
A plant-based diet for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
(2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.05.009 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Vegetarian diets, low-meat diets and health: a review
McEvoy, C. T., Temple, N., & Woodside, J. V. (2012) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980012000936 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Association between plant-based diets and plasma lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yokoyama, Y., Levin, S., & Barnard, N. D. (2017) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nux030 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Self-citationKahleova, H., Matoulek, M., Malinska, H., Oliyarnik, O., Kazdova, L., Neskudla, T., Skoch, A., Hajek, M., Hill, M., Kahle, M., et al. (2011) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03209.x · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Diet and the environment: does what you eat matter?
Marlow, H. J., Hayes, W. K., Soret, S., Carter, R. L., Schwab, E. R., & Sabaté, J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736z · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Can We Say What Diet Is Best for Health?
Katz, D. L., & Meller, S. (2014) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182351 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Schwingshackl, L., Chaimani, A., Hoffmann, G., Schwedhelm, C., & Boeing, H. (2018) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-017-0352-x · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Barnard, N. D., Levin, S. M., & Yokoyama, Y. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.11.016 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Self-citationNuts and novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease
Ros, E. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736r · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Spencer, E. A., Travis, R. C., Roddam, A., & Allen, N. E. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736l · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Vegetarian diets and glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
(2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2014.10.04 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Self-citationMishra, S., Xu, J. Y., Agarwal, U., Gonzales, J., Levin, S., & Barnard, N. D. (2013) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.92 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of nutrition in asthma prevention and treatment
Alwarith, J., Kahleová, H., Crosby, L., Brooks, A., Brandon, L. P., Levin, S., & Barnard, N. D. (2020) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa005 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationReduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease
Hooper, L., Martin, N., Jimoh, O. F., Kirk, C., Foster, E., & Abdelhamid, A. S. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011737.pub2 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
The Health Advantage of a Vegan Diet: Exploring the Gut Microbiota Connection
Glick-Bauer, M., & Yeh, M.-C. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6114822 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Vegetarian diets in the Adventist Health Study 2: a review of initial published findings
Orlich, M. J., & Fraser, G. E. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.071233 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Legumes: Health Benefits and Culinary Approaches to Increase Intake
Polak, R., Phillips, E. M., & Campbell, A. P. (2015) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diaclin.33.4.198 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Viguiliouk, E., Kendall, C. W., Kahleová, H., Rahelić, D., Salas-Salvadó, J., Choo, V. L., Mejia, S. B., Stewart, S. E., Leiter, L. A., Jenkins, D. J., et al. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.032 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationSievenpiper, J. L., Chan, C. B., Dworatzek, P. D., Freeze, C., & Williams, S. L. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.009 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Nuts and health outcomes: new epidemiologic evidence
Sabaté, J., & Ang, Y. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736q · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Papamichou, D., Panagiotakos, D. B., & Itsiopoulos, C. (2019) · Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2019.02.004 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease
Hooper, L., Martin, N., Abdelhamid, A., & Davey Smith, G. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011737 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Diet for a Reduction in the Severity of the Disease
Naber, T., & Purohit, S. B. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13093277 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Toumpanakis, A., Turnbull, T., & Alba-Barba, I. (2018) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000534 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Gardner, C. D., Vadiveloo, M. K., Petersen, K. S., Anderson, C. A. M., Springfield, S., Van Horn, L., Khera, A., Lamendola, C., Mayo, S. M., Joseph, J. J., et al. (2023) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001146 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Vegetarian and vegan diets in type 2 diabetes management
Barnard, N. D., Katcher, H. I., Jenkins, D. J., Cohen, J., & Turner-McGrievy, G. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00198.x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of total fat intake on body weight
Hooper, L., Abdelhamid, A. S., Bunn, D. K., Brown, T. J., Summerbell, C. D., & Skeaff, C. M. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011834 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Is equol the key to the efficacy of soy foods?
Lampe, J. W. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736t · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Gibbs, J. G., Gaskin, E., Ji, C., Miller, M. A., & Cappuccio, F. P. (2020) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002604 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Spencer, E. A., Travis, R. C., Roddam, A., & Allen, N. E. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736m · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Dietary Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity
Makris, A., & Foster, G. D. (2011) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2011.08.004 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Blanco Mejia, S., Kendall, C. W. C., Viguiliouk, E., Augustin, L. S., Ha, V., Cozma, A. I., Mirrahimi, A., Maroleanu, A., Chiavaroli, L., Leiter, L. A., et al. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004660 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationRajaram, S., Haddad, E. H., Mejía, A., & Sabaté, J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736s · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Weight management in patients with type 1 diabetes and obesity
Mottalib, A., Kasetty, M., Mar, J. Y., Elseaidy, T., Ashrafzadeh, S., & Hamdy, O. (2017) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-017-0918-8 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Dworatzek, P. D. N., Arcudi, K., Gougeon, R., Husein, N., Sievenpiper, J. L., & Williams, S. L. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.019 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Lee, Y., Kim, S.-A., Lee, I., Kim, J., Park, K., Jeong, J.-Y., Jeon, J., Shin, J.-Y., & Lee, D. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155918 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Uric Acid and Plant-Based Nutrition
Jakše, B., Jakše, B., Pajek, M., & Pajek, J. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11081736 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Plant foods and plant-based diets: protective against childhood obesity?
Newby, P. K. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736g · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Vitamin B-12 and homocysteine status among vegetarians: a global perspective
Elmadfa, I., & Singer, I. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736y · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Vegetarian or vegan diets and blood lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
Koch, C. A., Kjeldsen, E. W., & Frikke‐Schmidt, R. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad211 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Soybean ferritin: implications for iron status of vegetarians
Lönnerdal, B. L. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736w · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Interindividual differences in response to plant-based diets: implications for cancer risk
Lampe, J. W. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736d · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Characterizing Diabetes, Diet, Exercise, and Obesity on Twitter
Karami, A., Dahl, A. A., Turner‐McGrievy, G. M., Kharrazi, H. H. K., & Shaw, G., Jr. (2018) · Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.08.002 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationReduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease
Hooper, L., Summerbell, C., Thompson, R., Sills, D., Roberts, F. G., Moore, H. J., & Smith, G. D. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002137.pub2 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Viroli, G., Kalmpourtzidou, Α., & Cena, H. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15224723 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Should dairy be recommended as part of a healthy vegetarian diet? Counterpoint
Lanou, A. J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736p · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Chan, J., Jaceldo‐Siegl, K., & Fraser, G. E. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Perspectives on the soy-breast cancer relation
Messina, M., & Wu, A. H. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736v · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Su, L., Hong, Z., Zhou, T., Jian, Y., Xu, M., Zhang, X., Zhu, X., & Wang, J. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05127-9 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Perspective: Randomized Controlled Trials Are Not a Panacea for Diet-Related Research
Hébert, J. R., Frongillo, E. A., Adams, S. A., Turner‐McGrievy, G. M., Hurley, T. G., Miller, D. R., & Ockene, I. S. (2016) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.115.011023 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, K. W., Loh, H. C., Ching, S. M., Devaraj, N. K., & Hoo, F. K. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12061604 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
<p>Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Weight Status: A Systematic Review</p>
Tran, E., Dale, H. F., Jensen, C., & Lied, G. A. (2020) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dmso.s272802 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Willis, L., Shukitt‐Hale, B., & Joseph, J. A. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736j · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Jing, T., Zhang, S., Bai, M., Chen, Z., Gao, S., Li, S., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15143156 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Simon, J. A., Chen, Y., & Bent, S. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736e · Cited by 102 · see citing works
González-Campoy, J. M., Jeor, S. T. S., CASTORINO, K. N., Ebrahim, A., Hurley, D., Jovanovič, L., Mechanick, J. I., Petak, S. M., Yu, Y., Harris, K. A., et al. (2013) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep13155.esgl · Cited by 101 · see citing works
González-Campoy, J. M., CASTORINO, K. N., Ebrahim, A., Hurley, D., Jovanovič, L., Mechanick, J. I., Petak, S. M., Yu, Y., Jeor, S. T. S., Harris, K. A., et al. (2013) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep13155.gl · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Plant-Based Diets in the Reduction of Body Fat: Physiological Effects and Biochemical Insights
Najjar, R. S., & Feresin, R. G. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11112712 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The health implications of soy infant formula
Badger, T. M., Gilchrist, J. M., Pivik, R. T., Andres, A., Shankar, K., Chen, J., & Ronis, M. J. J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736u · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Yu, D., Yang, S. E., Miller, B. R., Wisinski, J. A., Sherman, D. S., Brinkman, J. A., Tomasiewicz, J. L., Richardson, N. E., Kimple, M. E., Cryns, V. L., et al. (2018) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201701211r · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Tick, H. (2015) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2014.12.006 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Kelly, J. H., Karlsen, M. C., & Steinke, G. (2020) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827620930962 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Should dairy be recommended as part of a healthy vegetarian diet? Point
Weaver, C. M. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736o · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Hever, J., & Cronise, R. J. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.05.012 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Ameliorating Chronic Kidney Disease Using a Whole Food Plant-Based Diet
Adair, K. E., & Bowden, R. G. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12041007 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Regulation of metabolic health by essential dietary amino acids
Green, C. L., & Lamming, D. (2018) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2018.07.004 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Taiwanese Vegetarians and Omnivores: Dietary Composition, Prevalence of Diabetes and IFG
Chiu, T. H. T., Huang, H., Chiu, Y., Pan, W.-H., Kao, H., Chiu, J., Lin, M., & Lin, C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088547 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Plant-Based Diets: A Physician’s Guide
Hever, J. (2016) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/15-082 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Higher adherence to plant-based diets are associated with lower likelihood of fatty liver
Mazidi, M., & Kengne, A. P. (2018) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.010 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Wong, J. M. (2014) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.071639 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Plant Based Diet and Its Effect on Cardiovascular Disease
Salehin, S., Rasmussen, P., mai, S., Mushtaq, M., Agarwal, M., Hasan, S. M., Salehin, S., Raja, M. W., Gilani, S. A., & Khalife, W. I. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043337 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Preventive Cardiology and Lifestyle Medicine
Franklin, B. A., & Cushman, M. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.981613 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Moore, W. J., McGrievy, M. E., & Turner‐McGrievy, G. M. (2015) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.06.011 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationSalas‐Salvadó, J., Becerra‐Tomás, N., Papandreou, C., & Bulló, M. (2018) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy102 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Jardine, M., Kahleová, H., Levin, S., Ali, Z., Trapp, C., & Barnard, N. D. (2021) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmab063 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationTermannsen, A., Clemmensen, K. K. B., Thomsen, J. M., Nørgaard, O., Díaz, L. J., Torekov, S. S., Quist, J. S., & Færch, K. (2022) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13462 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Sievenpiper, J. L., & Dworatzek, P. D. N. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2012.11.001 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Rinaldi, S., Campbell, E. E., Fournier, J., O'Connor, C., & Madill, J. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.02.011 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
- Authors
- Barnard, N. D., Cohen, J., Jenkins, D. J., Turner-McGrievy, G., Gloede, L., Green, A., & Ferdowsian, H.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barnard, Neal D
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1588S-1596S
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2677007
- OpenAlex
- W2114345764
- Cited by
- 449
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 22.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation
- George Washington University
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
- National Institutes of Health (5r01dk059362-02)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK059362-01A2, R01 DK059362)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- vegetarian diet, HbA1c, glycemic control, weight loss, plasma lipids, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, lipid-lowering drugs
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Fats, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Lipoproteins, HDL, Lipoproteins, LDL, Time Factors, Diet, Vegetarian, Vitamin B 12, Weight Loss, Diet Records, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Dietary Supplements
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
