Nuts and novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease
Open accessAbstract
Nuts are energy-dense foods, rich in total fat and unsaturated fatty acids. The favorable fatty acid profile probably contributes to the beneficial effects of nut consumption observed in epidemiologic studies (prevention of coronary heart disease and diabetes) and feeding trials (cholesterol lowering). Besides fat, the complex matrices of nuts contain many bioactive compounds: vegetable protein, fiber, minerals, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds. By virtue of their unique composition, nuts are likely to benefit newer cardiovascular risk biomarkers, such as LDL oxidizability, soluble inflammatory molecules, and endothelial dysfunction. Protection of LDL oxidation by nut intake has been documented in some, but not all, clinical studies. In one study, feeding one daily serving of mixed nuts was associated with lower oxidized LDL concentrations. Regarding inflammation, cross-sectional studies have shown that nut consumption is associated with lower concentrations of circulating inflammatory molecules and higher plasma adiponectin, a potent antiinflammatory adipokine. Clinical studies with nuts have documented reduced inflammatory cytokine concentrations but no consistent changes of C-reactive protein. Only walnuts have been formally tested for effects on endothelial function. After both walnut diets and single walnut meals, favorable vasoreactivity changes have been observed. Walnut consumption also reduced expression of endothelin 1, a potent endothelial activator, in an animal model of accelerated atherosclerosis. Beneficial effects on vascular reactivity may be ascribed to several constituents of walnuts: l-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide, alpha-linolenic acid, and phenolic antioxidants. Although more studies are warranted, the emerging picture is that nut consumption beneficially influences cardiovascular risk beyond cholesterol lowering.
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Synergy among the anti-inflammatory properties of the MedDiet and those specific to virgin olive oil and nuts might also be relevant to diabetes risk reduction.
“Because chronic low-grade inflammation is a pathogenetic factor in diabetes, synergy among the anti-inflammatory properties of the MedDiet and those specific to virgin olive oil ( 18 ) and nuts ( 19 ) might also be relevant to diabetes risk reduction.”
From Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes With the Mediterranean Diet (2011) · cites this paper as [19]
In RCTs, nut consumption reduces total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, postprandial hyperglycemia from high-carbohydrate meals, and variably oxidative, inflammatory, and endothelial biomarkers.
“In RCTs, nut consumption reduces total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, postprandial hyperglycemia from high-carbohydrate meals, and (variably) oxidative, inflammatory, and endothelial biomarkers.55,57–59”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [57]
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Kay, C. D., Kris‐Etherton, P. M., & West, S. G. (2006) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-006-0027-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Do vegetarians have to eat fish for optimal cardiovascular protection?
Mangat, I. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736i · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Walnuts Reduce Aortic ET-1 mRNA Levels in Hamsters Fed a High-Fat, Atherogenic Diet
Davis, P. A., Valacchi, G., Pagnin, E., Shao, Q., Gross, H. B., Calò, L. A., & YOKOYAMA, W. H. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.2.428 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Biomarkers for atherosclerosis: pathophysiological role and pharmacological modulation
Ferri, N., Paoletti, R., & Corsini, A. (2006) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/01.mol.0000245254.33011.de · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Rajaram, S., & Sabaté, J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736a · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Dietary lipids and vascular function: UK Food Standards Agency workshop report
Sanderson, P., Olthof, M. R., Grimble, R. F., Calder, P. C., Griffin, B. A., de Roos, N. M., Belch, J. J. F., Muller, D. P. R., & Vita, J. A. (2004) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20031034 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity
Calder, P. C., Ahluwalia, N., Brouns, F., Buetler, T., Clement, K., Cunningham, K., Esposito, K., Jönsson, L. S., Kolb, H., Lansink, M., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511005460 · Cited by 1,098 · see citing works
“anti-inflammatory activity of nuts are likely to include PUFA, Mg and phytochemicals including ellagic acid((372)).”
Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes With the Mediterranean Diet
Salas-Salvadó, J., Bulló, M., Babio, N., Martínez-González, M. Á., Ibarrola-Jurado, N., Basora, J., Estruch, R., Covas, M. I., Corella, D., Arós, F., et al. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1288 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
“Because chronic low-grade inflammation is a pathogenetic factor in diabetes, synergy among the antiinflammatory properties of the MedDiet and those specific to virgin olive oil (18) and nuts (19) might also be relevant to diabetes risk reduction.”
BackgroundSelf-citationFoods, Nutrients, and Dietary Patterns: Interconnections and Implications for Dietary Guidelines
Tapsell, L. C., Neale, E. P., Satija, A., & Hu, F. B. (2016) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.115.011718 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
“Reviews can be found in the literature that outline nutrient effects emerging in association with consumption of individual foods, such as vegetables (34), nuts (35), and whole grains (36).”
BackgroundFood synergy: an operational concept for understanding nutrition
Jacobs, D. R., Gross, M. D., & Tapsell, L. C. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736b · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Health Benefits of Nut Consumption
Ros, E. (2010) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu2070652 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, plasma levels of CRP, a standard measure of systemic low-grade inflammation, were usually unaffected in controlled feeding trials with almonds, walnuts, or mixed nuts, as reviewed up to 2008 [21].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCraig, W. J. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736n · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease
Soliman, G. A. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11051155 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Potential contributions of food consumption patterns to climate change
Carlsson‐Kanyama, A., & González, A. D. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736aa · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights
Mozaffarian, D., Appel, L. J., & Van Horn, L. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.968735 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Afshin, A., Micha, R., Khatibzadeh, S., & Mozaffarian, D. (2014) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.076901 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Barnard, N. D., Cohen, J., Jenkins, D. J., Turner-McGrievy, G., Gloede, L., Green, A., & Ferdowsian, H. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736h · Cited by 449 · see citing works
“On sulfonylurea [n (%)] 25 (51) 29 (58) 0.”
Bolling, B. W., Chen, C.-Y. O., McKay, D. L., & Blumberg, J. B. (2011) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s095442241100014x · Cited by 455 · see citing works
“Lopez- Uriarte et al.(139) and Ros(140) reviewed a total of twenty-one clinical studies in which the potential effects of tree nuts on biomarkers of oxidation or antioxidant activity were evaluated.”
BackgroundInfluentialVegetarian diets: what do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases?
Fraser, G. E. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736k · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Ellagitannins, ellagic acid and vascular health
Larrosa, M., García‐Conesa, M., Espı́n, J. C., & Tomás-Barberán, F. A. (2010) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2010.09.005 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Tomaino, A., Martorana, M., Arcoraci, T., Monteleone, D., Giovinazzo, C., & Saija, A. (2010) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2010.03.027 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Valls-Pedret, C., Lamuela-Raventós, R. M., Medina-Remón, A., Quintana, M., Corella, D., Pintó, X., Martínez-González, M. Á., Estruch, R., & Ros, E. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-111799 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
“This may be due in part to the beneficial effects of nuts on blood lipids [50] and other disease biomarkers, including oxidation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction [41].”
Self-citationDiet and the environment: does what you eat matter?
Marlow, H. J., Hayes, W. K., Soret, S., Carter, R. L., Schwab, E. R., & Sabaté, J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736z · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Medina‐Remón, A., Casas, R. M., Tresserra‐Rimbau, A., Ros, E., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Fitó, M., Corella, D., Salas‐Salvadó, J., Lamuela-Raventós, R. M., Estruch, R., et al. (2016) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.12986 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citationKey, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Spencer, E. A., Travis, R. C., Roddam, A., & Allen, N. E. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736l · Cited by 253 · see citing works
“Cerebrovascular disease (430–438) 199 49 (42, 56) 66 57 (44, 73)”
Luo, C., Zhang, Y., Ding, Y., Shan, Z., Chen, S., Yu, M., Hu, F. B., & Liu, L. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.076109 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
“Third, inflammation has been linked to risk of CVD and diabetes (43), and evidence has suggested that frequent nut consumption has an inverse association with circulating inflammatory cytokines and a positive relation with plasma adiponectin (44).”
BackgroundCasas, R. M., Sacanella, E., Urpí-Sardà, M., Chiva‐Blanch, G., Ros, E., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Covas, M., Lamuela-Raventós, R. M., Salas‐Salvadó, J., Fiol, M., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100084 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
“In fact, previous studies have reported that some components of the MD such as EVOO or nuts may down-regulate inflammatory markers related to atherosclerosis such as VCAM1, ICAM-1, E- and P-Selectin, CRP and IL-6 [26–27].”
BackgroundSelf-citationMirmiran, P. (2014) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v5.i3.267 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Obesity and metabolic syndrome: Potential benefit from specific nutritional components
Abete, I., Goyenechea, E., Zulet, M. Á., & Martínez, J. A. (2011) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2011.05.001 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
“At the same time, nuts have been considered of interest since provide many bioactive compounds that may benefit metabolic syndrome components [121,122].”
BackgroundCasas‐Agustench, P., López-Uriarte, P. J., Bulló, M., Ros, E., Vila, J., & Salas‐Salvadó, J. (2009) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2009.08.005 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
“The MetS is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation [2] and there are increasing evidences that nut intake may have an anti-inflammatory effect [10,20,38].”
BackgroundSelf-citationImpact of Nutritional Changes on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Perdomo, C. M., Frühbeck, G., & Escalada, J. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11030677 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
“A higher calcium and magnesium intake characterized the DASH diet and may have beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity by decreasing the oxidative activity and restoring anti-oxidative enzymes [120].”
BackgroundJahanban‐Esfahlan, A., Ostadrahimi, A., Tabibiazar, M., & Amarowicz, R. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24112133 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Nuts and health outcomes: new epidemiologic evidence
Sabaté, J., & Ang, Y. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736q · Cited by 196 · see citing works
“Nonetheless, few of those studies are epidemiologic in nature (11).”
BackgroundWalnuts (Juglans regia) Chemical Composition and Research in Human Health
Hayes, D., Angove, M. J., Tucci, J., & Dennis, C. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2012.760516 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
“Studies into the effects of walnut consumption on human health have focused for the most part on several risk factors associated in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes (Davis et al., 2006; Ros, 2009; Kendall et al., 2011), and neurological disorders (Mazza et al.”
BackgroundPecan nuts: A review of reported bioactivities and health effects
Atanasov, A. G., Sabharanjak, S. M., Zengin, G., Mollica, A., Szostak, A., Simirgiotis, M. J., Huminiecki, Ł., Horbańczuk, O. K., Nabavi, S. M., & Mocan, A. (2017) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.019 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Mediterranean Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Health
Shen, J., Wilmot, K. A., Ghasemzadeh, N., Molloy, D. L., Burkman, G. M., Mekonnen, G., Góngora, M. C., Quyyumi, A. A., & Sperling, L. S. (2015) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-011215-025104 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Damasceno, N. R. T., Pérez-Heras, A., Serra, M., Cofán, M., Sala‐Vila, A., Salas‐Salvadó, J., & Ros, E. (2011) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2010.12.006 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
“However, the differential effects of these two nut types on markers of oxidation, inflammation and vascular reactivity have not been directly compared [6].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationIs equol the key to the efficacy of soy foods?
Lampe, J. W. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736t · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Ros, E. (2015) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514003924 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“A few studies have examined the effects of nuts on oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular reactivity, as reviewed((7,8,61,62)).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKey, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Spencer, E. A., Travis, R. C., Roddam, A., & Allen, N. E. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736m · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Tapia, M. I., Sánchez-Morgado, J. R., García‐Parra, J., Ramírez, R., Hernández, T., & González‐Gómez, D. (2013) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.004 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Rajaram, S., Haddad, E. H., Mejía, A., & Sabaté, J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736s · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Guasch-Ferré, M., Li, J., Hu, F. B., Salas-Salvadó, J., & Tobias, D. K. (2018) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy091 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Consumption of Plant Seeds and Cardiovascular Health
Ros, E., & Hu, F. B. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.001119 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“Nut-feeding studies have also documented reduced circulating concentrations of inflammatory cytokines but no consistent changes of C-reactive protein.(72) Finally, despite the high energy density of nuts, there is no evidence that their frequent consumption promotes obesity, probably because of a prominent satiating e…”
Self-citationNutrition attributes and health effects of pistachio nuts
Bulló, M., Juanola‐Falgarona, M., Hernández‐Alonso, P., & Salas‐Salvadó, J. (2015) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514003250 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
“Protein Pistachios are a good source of vegetable protein, which comprises about 20 % of total weight, with approximately 2 % L-arginine(21).”
BackgroundPlant foods and plant-based diets: protective against childhood obesity?
Newby, P. K. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736g · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Vitamin B-12 and homocysteine status among vegetarians: a global perspective
Elmadfa, I., & Singer, I. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736y · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Soybean ferritin: implications for iron status of vegetarians
Lönnerdal, B. L. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736w · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Interindividual differences in response to plant-based diets: implications for cancer risk
Lampe, J. W. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736d · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Nuts and Berries for Heart Health
Ros, E., Tapsell, L. C., & Sabaté, J. (2010) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0132-5 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociations between nut consumption and inflammatory biomarkers,
Yu, Z., Malik, V., Keum, N., Hu, F. B., Giovannucci, E. L., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Fuchs, C. S., & Bao, Y. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.134205 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Polyphenolic Composition of Hazelnut Skin
Rio, D. D., Calani, L., Dall’Asta, M., & Brighenti, F. (2011) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf202449z · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Nuts, metabolic syndrome and diabetes
Kendall, C. W. C., Josse, A. R., Esfahani, A., & Jenkins, D. J. A. (2010) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510001546 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“Furthermore, dietary intervention studies have supported the findings in these cohort studies by showing that nut consumption can reduce the risk of heart disease by improving serum lipid profile((25,26)), endothelial function((27)) and BP((28)), in addition to lowering oxidative stress((29,30)) and inflammation((27,3…”
BackgroundResultThe phytochemical composition and antioxidant actions of tree nuts.
Bolling, B. W., McKay, D. L., & Blumberg, J. B. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Katz, D. L., Davidhi, A., Ma, Y., Kavak, Y., Bifulco, L., & Njike, V. Y. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2012.10720468 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“Furthermore, walnuts are also rich in tocopherol, phenolic antioxidants, folic acid, and magnesium, nutrients that have been shown to impact endothelial function favorably [19].”
BackgroundShould dairy be recommended as part of a healthy vegetarian diet? Counterpoint
Lanou, A. J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736p · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Chan, J., Jaceldo‐Siegl, K., & Fraser, G. E. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Nut consumption and risk of cancer and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wu, L., Wang, Z., Zhu, J., Murad, A. L., Prokop, L. J., & Murad, M. H. (2015) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv006 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Perspectives on the soy-breast cancer relation
Messina, M., & Wu, A. H. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736v · Cited by 113 · see citing works
de Souza, R. G. M., Gomes, A. C., Naves, M. M. V., & Mota, J. F. (2015) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuu008 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Pistachios Increase Serum Antioxidants and Lower Serum Oxidized-LDL in Hypercholesterolemic Adults
Kay, C. D., Gebauer, S. K., West, S. G., & Kris‐Etherton, P. M. (2010) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.109.117366 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Cordaro, M., Siracusa, R., Fusco, R., D’Amico, R., Peritore, A. F., Gugliandolo, E., Genovese, T., Scuto, M. C., Crupi, R., Mandalari, G., et al. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9080660 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Willis, L., Shukitt‐Hale, B., & Joseph, J. A. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736j · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Tulipani, S., Llorach, R., Jáuregui, O., López-Uriarte, P. J., Garcia‐Aloy, M., Bulló, M., Salas‐Salvadó, J., & Andrés‐Lacueva, C. (2011) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr200514h · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Simon, J. A., Chen, Y., & Bent, S. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736e · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Impact of Functional Foods on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes
Sikand, G., Kris‐Etherton, P. M., & Boulos, N. M. (2015) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-015-0593-9 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Mitigation of Inflammation with Foods
Wu, X., & Schauss, A. G. (2012) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf3007008 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The health implications of soy infant formula
Badger, T. M., Gilchrist, J. M., Pivik, R. T., Andres, A., Shankar, K., Chen, J., & Ronis, M. J. J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736u · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Oliveras‐López, M., Berná, G., Jurado‐Ruiz, E., de la Serrana, H. L.-G., & Martı́n, F. (2014) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2014.07.013 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Maranhao, P. A., Kraemer‐Aguiar, L. G., de Oliveira, C. L., Kuschnir, M. C. C., Vieira, Y. R., Souza, M. G. C., Koury, J. C., & Bouskela, E. (2011) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-8-32 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Bioactive substances existing in nuts have already been identified [13] and their beneficial effects on inflammation [14] and on endothelial function [15] demonstrated.”
BackgroundÖrem, A., Yücesan, F. B., Örem, C., Akçan, B., Kural, B. V., Alasalvar, C., & Shahidi, F. (2012) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2012.10.005 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Ortega, F., Cardona-Alvarado, M., Mercader, J., Moreno-Navarrete, J., Moreno, M., Sabater, M., Fuentes-Batllevell, N., Ramírez-Chávez, E., Ricart, W., Molina-Torres, J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.001 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“Evidence suggests that nuts, by themselves or as part of a cholesterol lowering diet, may significantly lower markers of inflammation, including CRP [37,41].”
BackgroundShould dairy be recommended as part of a healthy vegetarian diet? Point
Weaver, C. M. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736o · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Effect of nut consumption on oxidative stress and the endothelial function in metabolic syndrome
López-Uriarte, P. J., Nogués, R., Sáez, G. T., Bulló, M., Romeu, M., Masana, L., Tormos, C., Casas‐Agustench, P., & Salas‐Salvadó, J. (2010) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.12.008 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“Endothelial dysfunction, a critical early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis characterized by the reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (endogenous vasodilator) and the increased expression of cellular adhesion molecules, is related to perfusion abnormalities and the causation of ischemic events.47 Nuts ar…”
InfluentialSauder, K. A., McCrea, C. E., Ulbrecht, J. S., Kris‐Etherton, P. M., & West, S. G. (2015) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.07.021 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“Daily nut consumption has been shown repeatedly to improve the lipid/lipoprotein profile [4] and may also benefit glycemic control [5], inflammation [6], and endothelial function [7].”
BackgroundJahanban‐Esfahlan, A., Jahanban‐Esfahlan, R., Tabibiazar, M., Roufegarinejad, L., & Amarowicz, R. (2020) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c9ra10084a · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Nuts Improve Diet Quality Compared to Other Energy-Dense Snacks While Maintaining Body Weight
Tey, S. L., Brown, R. C., Gray, A. R., Chisholm, A. W., & Delahunty, C. M. (2011) · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1155/2011/357350 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
O’Neil, C. E., Keast, D. R., Nicklas, T. A., & Fulgoni, V. L. I. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719996 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Dietary intervention trials with nuts examining C-reactive protein levels and the association with nut consumption have shown conflicting results [16,59].”
ResultWalnuts Decrease Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Summary of Efficacy and Biologic Mechanisms
Kris‐Etherton, P. M. (2014) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.113.182907 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Saini, R. K., Prashanth, K. V. H., Shetty, N. P., & Giridhar, P. (2014) · Acta Physiologiae Plantarum · doi:10.1007/s11738-014-1640-7 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“oleifera leaves, as vitamin E has importance in human health, mainly in the prevention of coronary heart disease (Ros 2009), breast cancer (Zhang et al.”
BackgroundO’Neil, C. E., Keast, D. R., Nicklas, T. A., & Fulgoni, V. L. I. (2012) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2012.01.005 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Dietary intervention trials with nuts examining CRP levels and the association with nut consumption have shown conflicting results [53,54].”
ResultDomínguez-Avila, J. A., ́Álvarez-Parrilla, E., López‐Díaz, J. A., Maldonado‐Mendoza, I. E., Gómez-García, M. D. C., & la Rosa, L. A. D. (2014) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.092 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Genetic dissection of vitamin E biosynthesis in tomato
Almeida, J., Quadrana, L., Asís, R., de Setta, N., de Godoy, F., Bermúdez, L. F., Otaiza-González, S. N., da Silva, J. V. C., Fernie, A. R., Carrari, F. O., et al. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/err055 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Recent studies have reinforced the hypothesis of beneficial effects of VTE on human health, mainly in the prevention of coronary heart disease, breast cancer, and protection against nicotineinduced oxidative stress in the brain (Das et al., 2009; Ros 2009; Zhang et al., 2009).”
BackgroundRecent Advances in Preventive Cardiology and Lifestyle Medicine
Franklin, B. A., & Cushman, M. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.981613 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease
Flock, M. R., & Kris‐Etherton, P. M. (2011) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-011-0205-0 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“susceptibility of LDL-C oxidation, improves endothelial function, and reduces inflammation [25].”
BackgroundThe glycemic effect of nut-enriched meals in healthy and diabetic subjects
Kendall, C. W. C., Esfahani, A., Josse, A. R., Augustin, L. S. A., Vidgen, E., & Jenkins, D. J. A. (2011) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2011.03.013 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“This protective effect may in part be explained by the favorable impact of nuts on serum lipids [7], oxidative stress [8] and markers of inflammation [9,10].”
BackgroundTey, S. L., Gray, A., Chisholm, A., Delahunty, C., & Brown, R. (2013) · Journal of NutriLife · doi:10.3945/jn.113.174714 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
ER Stress and Lipid Metabolism in Adipocytes
Zha, B. S., & Zhou, H. (2012) · Biochemistry Research International · doi:10.1155/2012/312943 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Nuts, inflammation and insulin resistance.
Casas‐Agustench, P., Bulló, M., & Salas‐Salvadó, J. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Jahanban‐Esfahlan, A., & Amarowicz, R. (2018) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c8ra03684e · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Kendall, C. W. C., West, S. G., Augustin, L. S., Esfahani, A., Vidgen, E., Bashyam, B., Sauder, K. A., Campbell, J., Chiavaroli, L., Jenkins, A. L., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.275 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Tulipani, S., Urpí-Sardà, M., Garcı́a-Villalba, R., Rabassa, M., López-Uriarte, P. J., Bulló, M., Jáuregui, O., Tomás-Barberán, F. A., Salas‐Salvadó, J., Espı́n, J. C., et al. (2012) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf301509w · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Kendall, C. W. C., Josse, A. R., Esfahani, A., & Jenkins, D. J. A. (2011) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.12 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“, 2002) and markers of inflammation (Jiang et al., 2006; Ros, 2009).”
BackgroundExercise and diet in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Mahady, S. E., & George, J. (2015) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.032 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“Walnuts have been of particular interest given their high content of the omega-3 fatty acid, alphalinolenic acid (ALA), and a high walnut intake is associated with lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in large epidemiological studies [79].”
BackgroundPierce, J. P., Natarajan, L., Caan, B. J., Flatt, S. W., Kealey, S., Gold, E. B., Hajek, R. A., Newman, V. A., Rock, C. L., Pu, M., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736f · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Food, plant food, and vegetarian diets in the US dietary guidelines: conclusions of an expert panel
Jacobs, D. R., Haddad, E. H., Lanou, A. J., & Messina, M. J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736c · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Hernandez, E. M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-247-1.00004-1 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Policarpi, P. D. B., Turcatto, L., Demoliner, F., Ferrari, R. A., Frescura, V. L. A., Ramos, J. C., Jachmanián, I., Vitali, L., Micke, G. A., & Block, J. M. (2017) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.069 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
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“Given the widespread interest in the use of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention and therapy of a number of diseases including cardiovascular diseases [13,14], and the inconsistencies found so far, this subject is in need of more in depth investigation.”
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“Magnesium, a mineral found in nuts at higher amounts than in other edible plants (31), could contribute to the reduction of inflammatory markers (30).”
BackgroundNuts in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome
Salas‐Salvadó, J., Guasch‐Ferré, M., Bulló, M., & Sabaté, J. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.071530 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Aronis, K. N., Vamvini, M. T., Chamberland, J. P., Sweeney, L. L., Brennan, A. M., Magkos, F., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2011) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.09.008 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“They are particularly rich sources of the polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic and αlinolenic acids, and also contain high amounts of dietary fiber, arginine-rich protein, potassium, copper, and magnesium, as well as antioxidant vitamin E and other compounds with biological activity such as flavonoids, other polypheno…”
BackgroundQuality estimation of nuts using deep learning classification of hyperspectral imagery
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Cancer Chemoprevention With Nuts
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Nutritional evaluation and health promoting activities of nuts and seeds cultivated in Greece
Kalogeropoulos, N., Chiou, A., Ioannou, M. S., & Karathanos, V. Τ. (2013) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.3109/09637486.2013.793298 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“Numerous clinical studies have evaluated the effects of nut consumption on lipids and lipoproteins, and CDV (Griel & Kris-Etherton, 2006; Ros, 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialNut consumption has favorable effects on lipid profiles of Korean women with metabolic syndrome
Lee, Y. J., Nam, G. E., Seo, J. A., Yoon, T., Seo, I., Lee, J. H., Im, D., Bahn, K.-N., Jeong, S. A., Kang, T. S., et al. (2014) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2014.08.011 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“[28] Ros E.”
BackgroundResult
- Authors
- Ros, E.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Ros, Emilio
- ORCID
- Ros, Emilio
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1649S-1656S
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2104906024
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 3.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nuts composition and effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- nuts, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk markers, LDL oxidation, inflammation, adiponectin, endothelial function, Juglans regia, phenolic compounds, alpha-linolenic acid, L-arginine, nitric oxide, endothelin-1, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, dietary fat
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Dietary Fats, Disease Models, Animal, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Inflammation, Lipoproteins, LDL, Nuts, Risk Factors, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Biomarkers, Adiponectin
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