Food insulin index: physiologic basis for predicting insulin demand evoked by composite meals
Open accessAbstract
Background Diets that provoke less insulin secretion may be helpful in the prevention and management of diabetes. A physiologic basis for ranking foods according to insulin "demand" could therefore assist further research.Objective We assessed the utility of a food insulin index (FII) that was based on testing isoenergetic portions of single foods (1000 kJ) in predicting the insulin demand evoked by composite meals.Design Healthy subjects (n = 10 or 11 for each meal) consumed 13 different isoenergetic (2000 kJ) mixed meals of varying macronutrient content. Insulin demand predicted by the FII of the component foods or by carbohydrate counting and glycemic load was compared with observed insulin responses.Results Observed insulin responses (area under the curve relative to white bread: 100) varied over a 3-fold range (from 35 +/- 5 to 116 +/- 26) and were strongly correlated with insulin demand predicted by the FII of the component foods (r = 0.78, P = 0.0016). The calculated glycemic load (r = 0.68, P = 0.01) but not the carbohydrate content of the meals (r = 0.53, P = 0.064) also predicted insulin demand.Conclusions The relative insulin demand evoked by mixed meals is best predicted by a physiologic index based on actual insulin responses to isoenergetic portions of single foods. In the context of composite meals of similar energy value, but varying macronutrient content, carbohydrate counting was of limited value.
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Measures of glycaemic index and glycaemic load can be used to estimate glycaemia and insulin demand in healthy individuals after eating.
“Measures of glycaemic index and glycaemic load can be used to estimate glycaemia and insulin demand in healthy individuals after eating.8”
From Food and mood: How do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
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Food and mood: How do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing?
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- Authors
- Bao, J., de Jong, V., Atkinson, F., Petocz, P., & Brand-Miller, J. C.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Brand-Miller, Jennie C
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 986-992
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2139084145
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- insulin requirement, glycemic load, carbohydrate counting, insulin secretion, macronutrient composition, diabetes prevention
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Adult, Bread, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Female, Food, Humans, Insulin, Male, Area Under Curve, Glycemic Index, Young Adult
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