Cardiolipin Binds to CD1d and Stimulates CD1d-Restricted γδ T Cells in the Normal Murine Repertoire
Open accessAbstract
Cardiolipin (CL), a major phospholipid in bacterial cell walls, is sequestered from the immune system in mammalian mitochondria and is, therefore, a potential danger signal. Based on growing evidence that phospholipids constitute natural ligands for CD1 and that CD1d-restricted T cells recognize phospholipids, we hypothesized that CD1d binds and presents CL and that T cells in the normal immune repertoire respond to CL in a CD1d-restricted manner. We determined the murine CD1d-CL crystal structure at 2.3 Å resolution and established through additional lipid loading experiments that CL, a tetra-acylated phospholipid, binds to murine CD1d with two alkyl chains buried inside the CD1d binding groove and the remaining two exposed into the solvent. We furthermore demonstrate the functional stimulatory activity of CL, showing that splenic and hepatic γδ T cells from healthy mice proliferate in vitro in response to mammalian or bacterial CL in a dose-dependent and CD1d-restricted manner, rapidly secreting the cytokines IFN-γ and RANTES. Finally, we show that hepatic γδ T cells are activated in vivo by CD1d-bearing dendritic cells that have been pulsed with CL, but not phosphatidylcholine. Together, these findings demonstrate that CD1d is able to bind and present CL to a subset of CL-responsive γδ T cells that exist in the spleen and liver of healthy mice and suggest that these cells could play a role in host responses to bacterial lipids and, potentially, self-CL. We propose that CL-responsive γδ T cells play a role in immune surveillance during infection and tissue injury.
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Deletion of β2 microglobulin or CD1d in NZW/NZB F1 murine model of spontaneous SLE reduces circulating aCL antibodies.
“Deletion of β2 microglobulin (an MHC class I molecule) or CD1d (a non-classical MHC protein) in an NZW/NZB F1 murine model of spontaneous SLE results in a reduction of circulating aCL antibodies223,224.”
From The role of mitochondria in rheumatic diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [224]
The Results section on CD1d-restricted γδ T-cell responses reports experiments in C57BL/6 mice measuring responses to cardiolipin, not circulating anti-cardiolipin antibodies. The Discussion mentions lupus only as a possible setting for these T-cell responses. Searches for β2 microglobulin deletion, NZW/NZB F1 mice, and circulating aCL antibodies found no passage addressing the claimed reduction. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Dieudé, M., Striegl, H., Tyznik, A. J., Wang, J., Behar, S. M., Piccirillo, C. A., Levine, J. S., Zajonc, D. M., & Rauch, J.
- Affiliations
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (CA)
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rauch, Joyce
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 186
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4771-4781
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- PMC
- PMC3076096
- OpenAlex
- W2150433277
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research Institute
- McGill University
- McGill University Health Centre
- National Institutes of Health
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (97916, 67101, MOP-67101, MOP-42391)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL080330, HL080330)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (F32AI080087, R01AI074952, F32 AI 80087, AI074952, R56AI074952)
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- cardiolipin, CD1d, damage-associated molecular patterns, lipid ligands, interferon-gamma, RANTES, dendritic cells, bacterial lipids, immune surveillance, autoantigens
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Binding Sites, Cardiolipins, Crystallization, Female, Flow Cytometry, Interferon-gamma, Liver, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Models, Molecular, Protein Binding, Spleen, T-Lymphocytes, X-Ray Diffraction, Molecular Structure, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Antigen Presentation, Mice, Knockout, Chemokine CCL5, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Antigens, CD1d
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