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Activation of telomerase in human lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells
Abstract
This is the first report describing up-regulation of telomerase activity in human normal cells. Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme, has been thought to be involved in maintaining telomere length stability in germline and most cancer cells, but not in normal cells. However, in the present study, we demonstrate that telomerase activity is detectable at low levels in normal human T and B cells, increases by in vitro mitogenic stimulation, increases in hematopoietic progenitor cells upon their proliferation and differentiation, and decreases with aging. Understanding the regulation of telomerase activity in normal cells may provide important insights not only into the mechanisms of normal cellular senescence but also into the mechanisms of telomerase activity deregulation as part of cancer development.
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“Although we have to wait for the final report of the clinical trial, no significant adverse effects on normal tissues have been reported so far, even in hematopoietic cells, which may be highly susceptible to Telomelysin due to the presence of telomerase-positive stem cells. (35)”
From Understanding and exploiting hTERT promoter regulation for diagnosis and treatment of human cancers (2008) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“We should consider the fact that some normal cells, including some tissue stem cells, express relatively high levels of telomerase, (35,36,117) raising questions regarding the safety of Telomelysin.”
From Understanding and exploiting hTERT promoter regulation for diagnosis and treatment of human cancers (2008) · cites this paper as [35]
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Targeting Telomerase with an HLA Class II-Restricted TCR for Cancer Immunotherapy
Dillard, P., Köksal, H., Maggadottir, S. M., Winge-Main, A., Pollmann, S., Ménard, M., Myhre, M. R., Mælandsmo, G. M., Flørenes, V. A., Gaudernack, G., et al. (2020) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.11.019 · Cited by 37
“Second, the on-target and off-tumor crossreactivity for hTERT peptides would be predicted to most likely affect hematopoietic and/or germ cells since the protein is not normally expressed in other tissues.(43,47) However, our assays did not detect any toxicity against hematopoietic stem cells.”
BackgroundTelomeres and telomerase: Biological and clinical importance in dogs
Nasir, L. (2007) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.01.024 · Cited by 35
Telomerase activity in human chorionic villi and placenta determined by TRAP and in situ TRAP assay
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Regulation of telomerase expression in human lymphocytes
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Telomere length maintenance in stem cell populations
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“However telomerase is up regulated following immune stimulation of B and T cells [42-46], this is sufficient to reduce the rate of telomere erosion, and”
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Self-citationTelomerase in endocrine and endocrine-dependent tumors
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“It is also detectable at low levels in normal human Tand B cells [27], and there is evidence showing that telomerase expression between PBMC and pancreatic islets is correlated, which suggests its potential as a biomarker to indicate the ability of metabolic cells including pancreatic β cells to replicate [12].”
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“Telomerase is expressed in embryonic cells, but it is not expressed in most somatic cells, with the exception of regenerative tissues, such as germline cells, hematopoietic stem cells and lymphocytes [22].”
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Bischoff, C., Graakjær, J., Petersen, H. C., Jeune, B., Bohr, V. A., Kølvraa, S., & Christensen, K. (2005) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.8.5.425 · Cited by 39
“Germ line cells (Wright et al., 1996) and most cancer cell lines do not show telomere shortening, and it has also been demonstrated that certain stem cell lines do not show telomere shortening (Hiyama et al., 1995).”
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Krupp, G., Bonatz, G., & Parwaresch, R. M. (2000) · Biotechnology annual review · doi:10.1016/s1387-2656(00)06020-8 · Cited by 35
Cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of stem cell aging depend on telomere status
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“In addition, telomerase is transiently up-regulated in stimulated lymphocytes (Hiyama et al., 1995).”
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“These results suggest that normal lymphocytes in the regional lymph nodes could be strictly protected from OBP-301-induced oncolysis, because lymphocytes are not permissive for OBP-301 infection and viral replication is also unlikely to occur in normal cells due to their low telomerase activity.(25) Previously, we use…”
MethodWang, W., Yang, L., Liu, H., Li, F., Ren, L. M., Yu, H., Liu, Y., Xia, L., Han, L., Liao, Z., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064660 · Cited by 31
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“This phenomenon occurs in every cell of the body, except in adult stem cells and cells with massive replication potential such as activated lymphocytes [16,17].”
BackgroundImmunotherapy and prostate cancer
Kaminski, J., Summers, J. B., Ward, M. B., Huber, M., & Minev, B. (2003) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0305-7372(03)00005-7 · Cited by 32
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“ing normal cells, including germ cells and stem cells, will be also telomerase-positive [28].”
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Quality of life in patients undergoing salvage procedures for locally recurrent prostate cancer
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Finnon, P., Silver, A. R., & Bouffler, S. D. (2000) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/21.4.573 · Cited by 32
Telomeres and Telomerase in Normal and Malignant Haematologic Cells
Leber, B. F., & Bacchetti, S. (1996) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.3109/10428199609045709 · Cited by 30
Telomerase in cancer: Clinical applications
Urquidi, V., Tarin, D., & Goodison, S. (1998) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899809002483 · Cited by 29
Zheng, P.-S., Iwasaka, T., Zhang, Z.-M., Pater, A., & Sugimori, H. (2000) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1006/gyno.2000.5779 · Cited by 31
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and instability of the atherosclerotic plaque: a causative role?
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Concordant expression of the telomerase-associated genes in non-small cell lung cancer
Hsu, C.-P., Miaw, J., Hsia, J., Shai, S., & Chen, C. (2003) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1016/s0748-7983(03)00108-2 · Cited by 31
Progressive Telomere Shortening in Aplastic Anemia
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Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression and proliferation in canine brain tumours
Long, S., Argyle, D. J., Nixon, C., et al. (2006) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00776.x · Cited by 30
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Telomerase expression and telomere length in immortal leukocyte lines from channel catfish
Barker, K. S., Quiniou, S. M. A., Wilson, M. R., Bengtén, E., Stuge, T. B., Warr, G. W., Clem, L. W., & Miller, N. W. (2000) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0145-305x(00)00021-5 · Cited by 31
Telomerase activation in colorectal carcinogenesis
Yan, P., Saraga, E. P., Bouzourène, H., Bosman, F. T., & Benhattar, J. (1999) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199910)189:2 · Cited by 27
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Kindler, V. (2005) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0505272 · Cited by 28
Stem cell factor activates telomerase in mouse mitotic spermatogonia and in primordial germ cells
Dolci, S., Levati, L., Pellegrini, M., Faraoni, I., Graziani, G., Carlo, A. D., & Geremia, R. (2002) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.115.8.1643 · Cited by 28
What are cancer patients willing to pay for prophylactic epoetin alfa?
Ortega, A., Dranitsaris, G., & Puodziunas, A. (1998) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981215)83:12 · Cited by 63
As Epidermal Stem Cells Age they do not Substantially Change their Characteristics
Liang, L., Chinnathambi, S., Stern, M. M., Tomanek‐Chalkley, A., Manuel, T. D., & Bickenbach, J. R. (2004) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · doi:10.1111/j.1087-0024.2004.09309.x · Cited by 28
Telomere Dynamics and Genetic Instability in Disease Progression of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Ohyashiki, K., Iwama, H., Tauchi, T., Shimamoto, T., Hayashi, S., Ando, K., Kawakubo, K., & Ohyashiki, J. H. (2000) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.3109/10428190009054880 · Cited by 29
Dissociation of Telomere Dynamics from Telomerase Activity in Human Thyroid Cancer Cells
Jones, C. J., Soley, A., Skinner, J. W., Gupta, J., Haughton, M. F., Wyllie, F. S., Schlumberger, M. J., Bacchetti, S., & Wynford‐Thomas, D. (1998) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.1998.3944 · Cited by 27
Ingles, E. D., & Deakin, J. E. (2016) · Global Medical Genetics · doi:10.3934/genet.2016.1.1 · Cited by 27
“Immune cells and hematopoietic stem cells in the blood tend to have relatively high levels of telomerase activity, though not enough to offset telomere loss [25,26].”
BackgroundKachuri, L., Latifovic, L., Liu, G., & Hung, R. J. (2016) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0200 · Cited by 27
“This occurs in all normal human cells with the exception of adult stem cells and activated lymphocytes (8, 9).”
BackgroundTelomerase regulation in hematological cancers: A matter of stemness?
Deville, L., Hillion, J., & Ségal-Bendirdjian, E. (2009) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.01.016 · Cited by 27
“The current knowledge on telomere and telomerase biology in cancer cells indicates that beside the acquisition of genetic defects, activation of telomerase in these cells constitutes an essential parameter in tumor progression [4-10].”
BackgroundYamamoto, Y., Sofikitis, N., Ono, K., et al. (1999) · Urological Research · doi:10.1007/s002400050160 · Cited by 27
“We determined the RTA of a given testicular fragment by estimating the number of cells necessary for demonstration of a telomerase activity ladder of equivalent intensity to that obtained using a positive control sample (1000 human uterine cervical cancer cells) [10].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTelomerase expression in uveal melanoma
Heine, B. (2000) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.84.2.217 · Cited by 26
O’Flatharta, C., Leader, M., Kay, E., Flint, S. R., Toner, M., Robertson, W., & Mabruk, M. J. E. M. F. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.55.8.602 · Cited by 27
Ito, Y., Yoshida, H., Tomoda, C., Uruno, T., Takamura, Y., Miya, A., Kobayashi, K., Matsuzuka, F., Kuma, K., & Miyauchi, A. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 27
Telomeres and HIV-1 infection: in search of exhaustion
Wolthers, K. C., & Miedema, F. F. (1998) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(98)01233-5 · Cited by 27
Magnenat, L., Tobler, H., & Müller, F. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.5.3457 · Cited by 26
“In humans, on the other hand, telomerase activity is regulated during development and is involved in conferring long-term proliferation capacity on regenerative tissues, such as blood stem cells (9, 13, 29), and the germ line (31, 74).”
BackgroundTelomere Biology of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Elwood, N. J. (2004) · Cancer Control · doi:10.1177/107327480401100214 · Cited by 26
Telomerase activity in acute myelogenous leukaemia: clinical and biological implications
Seol, J. G., Kim, E. S., Park, W. H., Jung, C. W., Kim, B. K., & Lee, Y. Y. (1998) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00524.x · Cited by 29
“However, unlike other somatic tissues, PB, cord blood and BM leucocytes including T and B cells from normal donors were found to express low levels of telomerase activity (Counter et al, 1995; Hiyama et al, 1995).”
BackgroundEffects of calcium channel blockers on cellular apoptosis
Mason, R. P. (1999) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990515)85:10 · Cited by 47
Richards, L. A., Kumari, A., Knezevic, K., Thoms, J. A. I., von Jonquières, G., Napier, C. E., Ali, Z., O’Brien, R., Marks-Bluth, J., Maritz, M. F., et al. (2019) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2018.215699 · Cited by 25
“It is then downregulated to undetectable levels as HSPC differentiate into granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages.(9,11,12) Telomerase is similarly upregulated in lymphoid cells upon exposure to mitogens but is barely detectable in mature resting lymphocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.”
BackgroundResultArmstrong, L., Lako, M., van Herpe, I., Evans, J., Saretzki, G. C., & Hole, N. (2004) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/j.mod.2004.07.005 · Cited by 26
“haematopoietic stem cells and activated lymphocytes (Hiyama et al., 1995; Broccoli et al., 1995; Chiu et al., 1996), basal cells of the epidermis (Harle-Bachor and Boukamp, 1996) and intestinal crypt cells (Hiyama et al.”
Kameshima, H., Yagihashi, A., Yajima, T., et al. (2000) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s002680010246 · Cited by 26
Detection of telomerase activity in biopsy samples of colorectal cancer
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Telomeres in the Haemopoietic System
Lansdorp, P. M., Poon, S. S. S., Chavez, E. A., Dragowska, V., Zijlmans, M., Bryan, T. M., Reddel, R. R., Egholm, M., Bacchetti, S., & Martens, U. M. (2007) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470515433.ch14 · Cited by 26
A challenge for the future: aging and HIV infection
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“It is possible that the elevated TA in the high grade MPNST tumors could be a result of infiltrating lymphocytes, which may express TA (Hiyama et al., 1995; Pan et al., 1997) and thus lead to falsepositive results.”
BackgroundDeficiency of Colonic Telomerase in Ulcerative Colitis
Usselmann, B., Newbold, M., Morris, A. G., & Nwokolo, C. U. (2001) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03752.x · Cited by 25
“Telomerase is also upregulated in activated lymphocytes (11), which are concentrated in inflamed mucosa and should increase overall telomerase expression in the colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis.”
BackgroundHannen, E. J. M., van der Laak, J. A. W. M., Manni, J. J., Pahlplatz, M. M. M., Freihofer, H. P. M., Slootweg, P. J., Koole, R., & de Wilde, P. C. M. (2001) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20011001)92:7 · Cited by 7
Clonal Heterogeneity in Telomerase Activity and Telomere Length in Tumor-Derived Cell Lines
Savre‐Train, I., Gollahon, L., & Holt, S. E. (2000) · Proceedings of The Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1373.2000.22354.x · Cited by 25
In Situ Detection of hTERT mRNA Relates to Ki-67 Labeling Index in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Chou, S.-J., Chen, C., Harn, H., Chen, C.-J., & Liu, Y.-C. (2001) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1006/jsre.2001.6124 · Cited by 25
Oexle, K., Zwirner, A., Freudenberg, K., Kohlschütter, A., & Speer, A. (1997) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-199708000-00016 · Cited by 25
Smith, S., Hoelzl, F., Zahn, S., & Criscuolo, F. (2021) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.16233 · Cited by 22
“Given the ability of immune cells to express high telomerase activity when activated (Bodnar, Kim, Effros, & Chiu, 1996; Hiyama et al., 1995; Yamada, Motoji, & Mizoguchi, 1996), future studies would benefit from a focus on immune cells, and how changes in telomerase activity ( i.e. increases) vary…”
BackgroundWang, P., Leung, J., Lam, A., Lee, S., Calabrese, D. R., Hays, S. R., Golden, J. A., Kukreja, J., Singer, J. P., Wolters, P. J., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.healun.2021.11.012 · Cited by 24
Bollmann, F. M. (2013) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.031 · Cited by 24
“In adults, it is detectable in the germ line [7], activated lymphocytes [8,9] and some types of stem cells [10], but is absent or almost absent in most other somatic tissues.”
BackgroundJi, X., Zhang, J., Cheng, L., Wei, F., Li, H., Liu, X., Chen, X., Li, C., Wang, Y., & Huang, Q. (2009) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2009.03.007 · Cited by 24
“As telomerase is activated not only in tumor cells but also in stem cells, progenitor cells, germ cells and even lymphocytes in normal tissues (Hiyama et al., 1995; Liu et al., 1999; Sarin et al., 2005; Coussens et al., 2006), these cell types canpotentially be targeted by the therapeutic CRAd.”
BackgroundExpression of Telomerase Subunits and Localization of Telomerase Activation in Hydatidiform Mole
Nishi, H., Ohyashiki, K., Fujito, A., Yahata, N., Ohyashiki, J. H., Isaka, K., & Takayama, M. (1999) · Placenta · doi:10.1053/plac.1998.0386 · Cited by 24
“Although it was not known which cells expressed telomerase activity, we considered that trophoblasts may express strong telomerase activation as they proliferate very actively, like malignant cells, and because it was known that lymphocytes and endothelial cells had only weak telomerase activity and that fibroblasts d…”
Backgroundda Costa, C., Egeler, R. M., Hoogeboom, M., Szuhai, K., Forsyth, R. G., Niesters, M., de Krijger, R. R., Tazi, A., Hogendoorn, P. C. W., & Annels, N. E. (2007) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.2167 · Cited by 25
“Although telomerase expression is mainly associated with cancers and immortalized cell lines, and is therefore thought to be involved in malignant transformation and cellular immortality [33], telomerase activity can also be detected at low levels in normal bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes and at higher le…”
BackgroundNormal T-cell telomerase activity and upregulation in human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection.
Wolthers, K. C., Otto, S. A., Wisman, G. B. A., Fleury, S., Reiss, P., ten Kate, R. W., van der Zee, A. G. J., & Miedema, F. F. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 24
Pericuesta, E., Ramírez, M. Á., Villa, A., Relaño-Ginés, A., Torres, J. M., Nieto, M., Pintado, B., & Gutiérrez‐Adán, A. (2006) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/1477-7827-4-5 · Cited by 24
Mori, N., Oka, M., Hazama, S., Iizuka, N., Yamamoto, K. T., Yoshino, S., Tangoku, A., Noma, T., & Hirose, K. (2000) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1408 · Cited by 23
“Hiyama et al (1995c) have reported that 55 (44.4”
InfluentialIn situ telomerase activity in pleural effusions: A promising marker for malignancy
Dejmek, A., Yahata, N., Ohyashiki, K., Ebihara, Y., Kakihana, M., Hirano, T., Kawate, N., & Kato, H. (2000) · Diagnostic Cytopathology · doi:10.1002/1097-0339(200101)24:1 · Cited by 24
Telomerase Activity in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Curran, A. J., Denis, K. S., Irish, J., Gullane, P. J., MacMillan, C., & Kamel‐Reid, S. (1998) · Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/archotol.124.7.784 · Cited by 24
Telomerase Activity in Candidate Stem Cells From Fetal Liver and Adult Bone Marrow
Yui, J., Chiu, C., & Lansdorp, P. M. (1998) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v91.9.3255.3255_3255_3262 · Cited by 24
Telomerase Assays in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cancer
Shay, J. W., Werbin, H., & Wright, W. E. (2007) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470515433.ch10 · Cited by 24
Self-citationDoes telomerase activity add to the value of fine needle aspirations in evaluating thyroid nodules?
Sebesta, J. A., Brown, T. A., Williard, W., et al. (2001) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(01)00605-5 · Cited by 24
Wang, W., Huang, S., Li, J., Rui, K., Zhang, J., & Zhu, J. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep23504 · Cited by 23
Reduced T-Cell Thymic Export Reflected by sj-TREC in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Huang, S., Ding, R., Lin, Y., He, Z., Wu, F., Dai, X., Chen, Y., Yan-ping, G. U. I., Huang, Z., Wu, Z., et al. (2016) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.31575 · Cited by 22
Jeda, A. S., Badrzadeh, F., Esghaei, M., & Abdoli, A. (2021) · Cancer Treatment and Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100323 · Cited by 23
Human short-term repopulating cells have enhanced telomerase reverse transcriptase expression
Järås, M., Edqvist, A., Rebetz, J., Salford, L. G., Widegren, B., & Fan, X. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-09-008904 · Cited by 23
Yang, Z., Kodama, S., Suzuki, K., & Watanabe, M. (1998) · Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.1269/jrr.39.35 · Cited by 23
Clinical implications of telomerase detection
Matthews, P., & Jones, C. J. (2001) · Histopathology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2559.2001.01186.x · Cited by 23
“Long-lived populations such as the germ-line and stem cells, which need to divide inde®nitely, avoid the telomeric barrier to unlimited proliferation by expressing telomerase.(4) Pathological telomerase activity is also detected in the majority of malignant tumours,(5) although some tumours may maintain their telomere…”
BackgroundDetection of telomerase activity in breast masses by fine-needle aspiration
Pearson, A. S., Gollahon, L., O'Neal, N. C., Saboorian, H. M., Shay, J. W., & Fahey, T. J. (1998) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1007/bf02303853 · Cited by 22
“Telomerase activity is absent in adult tissues, with the exception of male germline and embryonal cells (19), proliferating cells of renewal tissues (20, 21), basal epidermal cells (22, 23), intestinal crypt cells (24), and activated lymphocytes (25, 26 ).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAbdel, S. E., Abdel-Meguid, I. E., & Korraa, S. S. (2007) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 22
Fujiwara, M., Okayasu, I., Takemura, T., Tanaka, I., Masuda, R., Furuhata, Y., Noji, M., Oritsu, M., Kato, M., & Oshimura, M. (2000) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880125 · Cited by 22
“Furthermore, normal human lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells strongly express telomerase after mitogenic stimulation (25, 26).”
BackgroundThe Interface between Ageing and Health in Man
Krikwood, T. B. L., & Ritter, M. A. (1997) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/26.suppl_4.9 · Cited by 22
“Interestingly, odier cells whose normal function requires cell division are similarly protected, for example the haemopoietic stem cells that give rise to all the lymphocytes and accessory cells involved in immune responses [33]-”
BackgroundLiu, D.-Y. (2003) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v9.i8.1859 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Hiyama, K., Hirai, Y., Kyoizumi, S., Akiyama, M., Hiyama, E., Piatyszek, M. A., Shay, J. W., Ishioka, S., & Yamakido, M.
- Affiliations
- Hiroshima University (JP)
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995-10
- Volume
- 155
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3711-3715
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W1516272650
- Cited by
- 853
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 38.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG07992, R01AG007992)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Keywords
- telomerase, telomerase activity, lymphocytes, T cells, B cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells, mitogen stimulation, aging, cellular senescence, telomere length, carcinogenesis, normal cells
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Base Sequence, Bone Marrow Cells, Cell Separation, Child, Child, Preschool, Enzyme Activation, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocytes, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Telomerase
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