Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 252

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Papillomavirus-Like Particles Induce Acute Activation of Dendritic Cells

Lenz, Petra, Day, Patricia M, Pang, Yuk-Ying S, Frye, Stephan A, Jensen, Peter N, Lowy, Douglas R, Schiller, John T·2001·The Journal of Immunology

Abstract

The role of viral structural proteins in the initiation of adaptive immune responses is poorly understood. To address this issue, we focused on the effect of noninfectious papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) on dendritic cell (DC) activation. We found that murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) effectively bound and rapidly internalized bovine papillomavirus VLPs. Exposure to fully assembled VLPs of bovine papillomavirus, human papillomavirus (HPV)16 or HPV18, but not to predominately disordered HPV16 capsomers, induced acute phenotypic maturation of BMDCs. Structurally similar polyomavirus VLPs bound to the DC surface and were internalized, but failed to induce maturation. DCs that had incorporated HPV16 VLPs produced proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α; however, the release of these cytokines was delayed relative to LPS activation. Production of IL-12p70 by VLP-exposed DCs required the addition of syngeneic T cells or rIFN-γ. Finally, BMDCs pulsed with HPV16 VLPs induced Th1-dominated primary T cell responses in vitro. Our data provide evidence that DCs respond to intact papillomavirus capsids and that they play a central role in VLP-induced immunity. These results offer a mechanistic explanation for the striking ability of papillomavirus VLP-based vaccines to induce potent T and B cell responses even in the absence of adjuvant.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5346

Cites

63 of 63 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 63 references

Cited by

See all 252

Metadata

Authors
Lenz, P., Day, P. M., Pang, Y.-Y. S., Frye, S. A., Jensen, P. N., Lowy, D. R., & Schiller, J. T.
Venue
The Journal of Immunology
Published
2001-05-01
Volume
166
Issue
9
Pages
5346-5355
ISSN
  • 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-6606
OpenAlex
W1518785179
Cited by
252
References
63
FWCI
6.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Papillomavirus-Like Particles Induce Acute Activation of Dendritic Cells. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5346
The paper
Lenz, P., Day, P. M., Pang, Y.-Y. S., Frye, S. A., Jensen, P. N., Lowy, D. R., & Schiller, J. T. (2001). Papillomavirus-Like Particles Induce Acute Activation of Dendritic Cells. The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5346

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.