The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Human Rhinovirus Infection Induces Airway Epithelial Cell Production of Human β-Defensin 2 Both In Vitro and In Vivo
Abstract
We hypothesized that airway epithelial cells, the primary site of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection, provide a link between the innate and specific immune response to HRV via production of human β-defensin (HBD)-2, a potent in vitro attractant and activator of immature dendritic cells. Infection of primary cultures of human epithelial cells with several HRV serotypes induced expression of HBD-2 mRNA and protein, indicating that HBD-2 production was independent of viral receptor usage or mechanisms of viral RNA internalization. Induction of HBD-2 was dependent upon viral replication and could be mimicked by transfection of cells with synthetic dsRNA, but was not dependent upon epithelial production of IL-1. Studies with stable epithelial cell lines expressing HBD-2 promoter constructs, as well as inhibitor studies in primary cells, both demonstrated that induction of HBD-2 involves activation of the transcription factor, NF-κB. Other transcription factors must also be activated by HRV infection, however, as expression of HBD-3 mRNA was also induced and there is no putative NF-κB recognition sequence in the promoter of this gene. HBD-2 showed no direct antiviral activity against HRV. In vivo infection of normal human subjects with HRV-16 induced expression of mRNA for HBD-2 in nasal epithelial scrapings. Increases in mRNA correlated with viral titer and with increased levels of HBD-2 protein in nasal lavages. This represents the first demonstration that HRV infection induces epithelial expression of HBD-2 both in vitro and in vivo, and supports the concept that HBD-2 may play a role in host defense to HRV infection.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Abnormal repair processes of the airway epithelium leading to abnormal organization and integrity of the respiratory epithelium, with subsequent perturbations in innate immune functions, have been proposed as key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic airway diseases such as asthma (38, 48) and COPD (221).”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [221]
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Contribution of Human α-Defensin 1, 2, and 3 to the Anti-HIV-1 Activity of CD8 Antiviral Factor
Zhang, L., Yu, W., Tian, H., Yu, J., Caffrey, R., Dalmasso, E. A., Fu, S., Pham, T., Mei, J., Ho, J. J., et al. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1076185 · Cited by 468
RetractedSingle-Step Method of RNA Isolation by Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate–Phenol–Chloroform Extraction
Chomczynski, P., & Sacchi, N. (1987) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1006/abio.1987.9999 · Cited by 65,515
Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3
Alexopoulou, L., Holt, A. C., Medzhitov, R., & Flavell, R. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35099560 · Cited by 6,129
Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9–11 year old children
Johnston, S. L., Pattemore, P. K., Sanderson, G., Smith, S., Lampe, F., Josephs, L., Symington, P., Toole, S. O., Myint, S. H., Tyrrell, D. A. J., et al. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6989.1225 · Cited by 1,991
β-Defensins: Linking Innate and Adaptive Immunity Through Dendritic and T Cell CCR6
Yang, D., Chertov, O., Bykovskaia, S. N., Chen, Q., Buffo, M. J., Shogan, J., Anderson, M., Schröder, J. M., Wang, J. M., Howard, O. M. Z., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5439.525 · Cited by 1,809
Isolation and Characterization of Human μ-Defensin-3, a Novel Human Inducible Peptide Antibiotic
Harder, J., Bartels, J., Christophers, E., & Schröder, J. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m008557200 · Cited by 1,309
The major human rhinovirus receptor is ICAM-1
Greve, J. M., Davis, G. L., Meyer, A., Forte, C. P., Yost, S. C., Marlor, C. W., Kamarck, M. E., & McClelland, A. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90688-0 · Cited by 1,159
Respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults
Nicholson, K. G., Kent, J., & Ireland, D. C. (1993) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6910.982 · Cited by 1,127
Seemungal, T., HARPER-OWEN, R., Bhowmik, A., Morić, I., Sanderson, G., Message, S. D., MacCallum, P., MEADE, T. W., Jeffries, D. J., Johnston, S. L., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.9.2105011 · Cited by 1,010
Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Activation of Dendritic Cells by β-Defensin 2
Biragyn, A., Ruffini, P. A., Leifer, C. A., Klyushnenkova, E., Shakhov, A., Chertov, O., Shirakawa, A., Farber, J. M., Segal, D. M., Oppenheim, J. J., et al. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1075565 · Cited by 904
Research works printed but not linked: 62
- 1966, N. Engl. J. Med., 1261
- 1993, Br. Med. J., 982
- 1995, Br. Med. J., 1225
- 2001, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 1618
- 1984, Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh.), 309
- 1994, Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 207
- 1995, J. Infect. Dis., 1329
- 1995, J. Clin. Invest., 549
- 1996, J. Clin. Invest., 915
- 1996, J. Clin. Invest., 421
- 1998, J. Virol., 934
- 1997, Am. J. Physiol., L749
- 1999, Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 1220
- 1994, J. Infect. Dis., 1007
- 1997, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 36
- 2001, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 235
- 2001, Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 317
- 1997, Semin. Hematol., 343
- 1999, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 1131
- 2002, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 709
- 2001, FASEB J., 1819
- 1986, J. Virol., 1068
- 1999, Hum. Gene Ther., 957
- 2002, Science, 995
- 1999, Science, 525
- 2001, J. Immunol., 6644
- 2002, Science, 1025
- 1996, J. Immunol., 1605
- 2000, Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 714
- 1989, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 449
- 1987, Anal. Biochem., 156
- 1964, Science, 1344
- 2000, Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 582
- 2003, Exp. Mol. Pathol., 180
- 1996, Virology, 339
- 1999, Oncogene, 6112
- 2003, Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 731
- 1998, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 14961
- 1999, J. Immunol., 7461
- 2000, J. Immunol., 3384
- 1999, J. Immunol., 6718
- 1989, Epidemiol. Infect., 659
- 1966, Am. J. Epidemiol., 352
- 1990, J. Infect. Dis., 591
- 1993, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 732
- 1995, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., S36
- 1996, Fields Virology, 609
- 2001, Nature, 732
- 1998, J. Virol., 1171
- 2000, J. Immunol., 988
- 2002, J. Immunol., 6429
- 1989, Cell, 839
- 1994, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1839
- 1994, J. Virol., 3713
- 2003, J. Virol., 5360
- 1993, J. Virol., 390
- 2000, EMBO J., 1207
- 2001, J. Biol. Chem., 5707
- 2001, Gene, 211
- 2003, FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 59
- 2002, J. Infect. Dis., 734
- 2002, J. Immunol., 6985
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mammalian defensins in the antimicrobial immune response
Selsted, M. E., & Ouellette, A. J. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1206 · Cited by 1,231
Cationic host defense (antimicrobial) peptides
Brown, K. L., & Hancock, R. E. W. (2005) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2005.11.004 · Cited by 849
The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses
Vareille, M., Kieninger, E., Edwards, M. R., & Regamey, N. (2011) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00014-10 · Cited by 655
Defensins in innate antiviral immunity
Klotman, M. E., & Chang, T. L. (2006) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1860 · Cited by 471
Metadata
- Authors
- Proud, D., Sanders, S. P., & Wiehler, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-04-01
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 4637-4645
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W2115289014
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 8.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl061011-02)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 61011)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Keywords
- human rhinovirus, human beta-defensin 2, airway epithelial cells, innate immunity, NF-κB, human beta-defensin 3, viral replication, double-stranded RNA, nasal epithelium, host defense, dendritic cell activation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Common Cold, Female, Humans, Interleukin-1, Male, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Rhinovirus, RNA, Messenger, RNA, Viral, Serotyping, Time Factors, Virus Replication, NF-kappa B, Respiratory Mucosa, beta-Defensins, Virus Inactivation, Cell Line, Tumor
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
