Cutting Edge: Neutrophil Granulocyte Serves as a Vector for Leishmania Entry into Macrophages
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Macrophages (MF) are the final host cells for multiplication of the intracellular parasite Leishmania major (L. major). However, polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN), not MF, are the first leukocytes that migrate to the site of infection and encounter the parasites. Our previous studies indicated that PMN phagocytose but do not kill L. major. Upon infection with Leishmania, apoptosis of human PMN is delayed and takes 2 days to occur. Infected PMN were found to secrete high levels of the chemokine MIP-1β, which attracts MF. In this study, we investigated whether MF can ingest parasite-infected PMN. We observed that MF readily phagocytosed infected apoptotic PMN. Leishmania internalized by this indirect way survived and multiplied in MF. Moreover, ingestion of apoptotic infected PMN resulted in release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β by MF. These data indicate that Leishmania can misuse granulocytes as a “Trojan horse” to enter their final host cells “silently” and unrecognized.
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Leishmania major infects PMNs to abuse their apoptotic camouflage to silently enter macrophages.
“This is in contrast to another intracellular pathogen, Leishmania major, which infects PMNs to abuse their apoptotic camouflage to silently enter MΦs (158).”
From Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria (2015) · cites this paper as [158]
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- Authors
- van Zandbergen, G., Klinger, M., Mueller, A., Dannenberg, S., Gebert, A., Solbach, W., & Laskay, T.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck , Lübeck ,
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Center for Rheumatology (US)
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Dannenberg, Sonja
- Solbach, Werner
- ORCID
- Solbach, Werner
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-12-01
- Volume
- 173
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 6521-6525
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W2107552851
- Cited by
- 430
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 13.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universität zu Lübeck
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Leprosy Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- Leishmania major, neutrophils, macrophages, phagocytosis, Trojan horse, apoptosis, MIP-1β, TGF-beta, cutaneous leishmaniasis, host-parasite interactions
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Movement, Host-Parasite Interactions, Humans, Macrophages, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Phagocytosis, Apoptosis, Leishmania major, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins, Chemokine CCL4
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