The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Size-Dependent Immunogenicity: Therapeutic and Protective Properties of Nano-Vaccines against Tumors
Abstract
Infection can protect against subsequent disease by induction of both humoral and cellular immunity, but inert protein-based vaccines are not as effective. In this study, we present a new vaccine design, with Ag covalently conjugated to solid core nano-beads of narrowly defined size (0.04–0.05 μm) that localize to dendritic cells (DEC205+ CD40+, CD86+) in draining lymph nodes, inducing high levels of IFN-γ production (CD8 T cells: precursor frequencies 1/5000 to 1/1000) and high Ab titers in mice. Conjugation of Ag to these nano-beads induced responses that were significantly higher (2- to 10-fold) than those elicited by other bead sizes, and higher than a range of currently used adjuvants (alum, QuilA, monophosphoryl lipid A). Responses were comparable to CFA/IFA immunization for Abs and ex vivo peptide-pulsed dendritic cell immunization for CD8 T cells. A single dose of Ag-conjugated beads protected mice from tumors in two different model challenges and caused rapid clearance of established tumors in mice. Thus, a range of Ags conjugated to nano-beads was effective as immunogens in both therapeutic and prophylactic scenarios.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
T-cell help for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by CD40–CD40L interactions
Schoenberger, S. P., Toes, R. E. M., van der Voort, E. I. H., Offringa, R., & Melief, C. J. M. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31002 · Cited by 2,615
Cited by
Vaccine delivery: a matter of size, geometry, kinetics and molecular patterns
Bachmann, M. F., & Jennings, G. T. (2010) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2868 · Cited by 2,106
Immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials
Dobrovolskaia, M. A., & McNeil, S. E. (2007) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.223 · Cited by 1,823
Sharifi, S., Behzadi, S., Laurent, S., Laird Forrest, M., Stroeve, P., & Mahmoudi, M. (2012) · Chem. Soc. Rev. · doi:10.1039/c1cs15188f · Cited by 1,460
Minireview: Nanoparticles and the Immune System
Zolnik, B. S., González-Fernández, A., Sadrieh, N., & Dobrovolskaia, M. A. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-1082 · Cited by 914
Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Cancer
Shao, K., Singha, S., Clemente-Casares, X., Tsai, S., Yang, Y., & Santamaria, P. (2015) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn5062029 · Cited by 470
Metadata
- Authors
- Fifis, T., Gamvrellis, A., Crimeen-Irwin, B., Pietersz, G. A., Li, J., Mottram, P. L., McKenzie, I. F. C., & Plebanski, M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-09-01
- Volume
- 173
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 3148-3154
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W1567772800
- Cited by
- 664
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 3.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Size-Dependent Immunogenicity: Therapeutic and Protective Properties of Nano-Vaccines against Tumors. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.3148
- The paper
- Fifis, T., Gamvrellis, A., Crimeen-Irwin, B., Pietersz, G. A., Li, J., Mottram, P. L., McKenzie, I. F. C., & Plebanski, M. (2004). Size-Dependent Immunogenicity: Therapeutic and Protective Properties of Nano-Vaccines against Tumors. The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.3148
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
