Allergen Drives Class Switching to IgE in the Nasal Mucosa in Allergic Rhinitis
Open accessAbstract
IgE-expressing B cells are over 1000 times more frequent in the nasal B cell than the peripheral blood B cell population. We have investigated the provenance of these B cells in the nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis. It is generally accepted that expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase and class switch recombination (CSR) occur in lymphoid tissue, implying that IgE-committed B cells must migrate through the circulation to the nasal mucosa. Our detection of mRNA for activation-induced cytidine, multiple germline gene transcripts, and ε circle transcripts in the nasal mucosa of allergic, in contrast to nonallergic control subjects, however, indicates that local CSR occurs in allergic rhinitis. The germline gene transcripts and ε circle transcripts in grass pollen-allergic subjects are up-regulated during the season and also when biopsies from allergic subjects are incubated with the allergen ex vivo. These results demonstrate that allergen stimulates local CSR to IgE, revealing a potential target for topical therapies in allergic rhinitis.
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The respiratory airway mucosa is a site of IgE production during allergic inflammation, as demonstrated in AR and LAR, with somatic hypermutation and class switching occurring in the nasal mucosa.
“The respiratory airway mucosa is a site of IgE production during allergic inflammation, as has been demonstrated in patients with AR309-312 and LAR,299-301,303-307 with both somatic hypermutation and class switching occurring in the nasal mucosa.309,312-315”
From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [312]
The Discussion reports direct evidence of local class switching to IgE in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis and states that IgE is synthesized there. It discusses somatic hypermutation as generally accompanying class switching and cites a separate study of local hypermutation, but does not itself demonstrate that process in the nasal mucosa. The paper addresses allergic rhinitis, not LAR; the citing sentence assigns LAR to a separate group of citations. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAllergic rhinitis patients have specific IgE in the nasal mucosa, with evidence that class switching and antibody production occur locally.
“In addition to positive systemic sIgE, AR patients have been shown to have sIgE in the nasal mucosa with evidence that class switching and antibody production occurs locally.309-312,377,950,951”
From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [312]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Takhar, P., Smurthwaite, L., Coker, H. A., Fear, D. J., Banfield, G. K., Carr, V. A., Durham, S. R., & Gould, H. J.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Takhar, Pooja
- Smurthwaite, Lyn
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 174
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 5024-5032
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W1731104758
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- British Lung Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- allergic rhinitis, class switch recombination, IgE, nasal mucosa, B cells, activation-induced cytidine deaminase, germline transcripts, grass pollen allergy, allergen stimulation, topical treatment
- MeSH terms
- AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase), Adult, Allergens, B-Lymphocytes, Base Sequence, Cytidine Deaminase, Female, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Humans, Immunoglobulin E, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Nasal Mucosa, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, RNA, Messenger, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Case-Control Studies, Immunoglobulin Class Switching, DNA, Complementary, Cytosine Deaminase, In Vitro Techniques
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