Domestic division of labour and fertility preference in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan
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Research on Western countries suggests that how couples share housework responsibilities has a significant impact on their fertility choices. The gender revolution framework offers an explanation for this relationship, but so far its applicability has not
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South Korea, together with several other East Asian countries, remains in the first stage of the gender revolution framework proposed by Goldscheider, Bernhardt, and Lappegård (2015).
“It has been argued that South Korea, together with several other East Asian countries, remains in the first stage of the gender revolution framework proposed by Goldscheider, Bernhardt, and Lappegård (2015) (Kan and Hertog 2017).”
From Division of domestic labour and lowest-low fertility in South Korea (2017) · cites this paper as Kan and Hertog 2017
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“…et al. 2014; Lee and Hwang 2017) and those that studied the father’s absolute time contribution to domestic labour, rather than the couple’s share (Mencarini and Tanturri 2004; Tazi-Preve et al. 2004; Brodmann et al. 2007; Mills et al. 2008; Park 2012; Testa 2012; Kan and Hertog 2017; Kim 2017).”
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“Kim (2017) looks at fertility trends and the availability of formal and informal help with domestic work in South Korea.”
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“A quarter century ago, marriage and parenthood were ‘givens’ in the life cycle of young adults in Japan, and the male breadwinner–female caregiver model was widely accepted as the norm for marriage (Brinton 2001; Kan and Hertog 2017; Ochiai and Molony 2008; Qian and Sayer 2016).”
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“Unfortunately, the literature underlines the existence of a similar trend across the globe where women are and/or expected to be the main care providers sacrificing more hours into household duties (see for example the case of Europe in Fahlen 2016; and the case of East Asia in Kan & Hertog 2017).”
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“Furthermore, a more equal domestic division of labor between husband and wife is associated with women’s stronger fertility intention in Japan, China, Korea and Taiwan (Kan and Hertog 2017, Kan, Hertog, and Kolpashnikova 2019).”
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“While numerous studies have demonstrated a positive correlation (Aassve et al., 2015; Buber, 2002; Cooke, 2004; Fiori, 2011; Harknett et al., 2014; Kan & Hertog, 2017; Mencarini & Tanturri, 2004; Mills et al., 2008; Oláh, 2003; Puur et al., 2008; Riseni et al., 2011; Tazi-Preve et al., 2004),…”
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“Against the backdrop of low fertility, recent studies investigate how the division of domestic labor is associated with fertility desire or childbirth (Kan & Hertog, 2017; Kim, 2017; Yoon, 2017).”
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BackgroundChung, W.-Y. (2021) · Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography · doi:10.1080/0966369x.2021.1974355 · Cited by 3
“Worldwide and across cultures, gendered housework allocation within households and heterosexual couples’ disproportionate share of domestic chores are constantly observed (Altintas and Sullivan 2016; Kan and Hertog 2017; Tai and Treas 2013).”
BackgroundKolpashnikova, K., & Kan, M.-Y. (2020) · The social science · doi:10.3390/socsci9120235 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“On the one hand, in Japan, the traditional gender-specialisation model with men-breadwinners and women-homemakers remains dominant (Brinton and Oh 2019; Kan and Hertog 2017; Lee and Ono 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationYue, Y.-P., Lei, J., Yuan, H.-J., Zhao, Y.-F., & Zhang, J.-H. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03706-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Traditional Chinese cultural norms typically assign primary child-rearing responsibilities to mothers, resulting in less paternal involvement [9, 10].”
Female Labor-Force Participation as Suicide Prevention: A Population Study in Taiwan
Chen, Y., Fong, T. C. T., YIP, P. S. F., & Canetto, S. S. (2024) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2024.2337182 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“In Taiwan, as everywhere else, FLFP is paired, for women, with a substantial load of unpaid household and family care-work; but not for men (Barnett & Hyde, 2001; Kan & Hertog, 2017).”
Guo, Y.-W., Liu, J., Du, Y.-R., & Chongsuvivatwong, V. (2023) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s418792 · Cited by 2
Liu, S.-Z., Zhang, W., Zhang, K.-Q., & Wu, B. (2022) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648221127882 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Also, older women bear more and heavier burdens of family obligations than older men in later life (Kan & Hertog, 2017).”
BackgroundGendered adolescent time use in Japan, Korea, Finland, and the United Kingdom across three decades
Chang, G., & Kan, M. (2025) · Demographic Research · doi:10.4054/demres.2025.53.17 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…in Korea fertility rates declined from 1.9 in 1985 to 0.99 in 2010 – well below the OECD average of 1.5 – due to the rising cost of childbearing, negative perceptions of marriage and parenthood, and persistent inequality in the division of housework (Kan and Hertog 2017; Yoo and Sobotka 2018).”
InfluentialSelf-citationErfani, A., & Pilon, L. (2024) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x241299419 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Similarly, in South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and China, research has indicated that while women bear the bulk of housework, spousal support is positively associated with intended births (Kan & Hertog, 2017; Kim, 2017; Moore, 1998).”
Yu, K., & Lee, J. (2022) · Family and Environment Research · doi:10.6115/fer.2022.010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“다수의 선행연구에서 남편이 양육 및 가사에 많이 참여하는 것 이 출산에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 보고하였다(Joung & Choi, 2013; Kan & Hertog, 2017; Kan et al., 2019).”
Chen, M.-N., Gietel-Basten, S. A., & Yip, P. (2019) · Population: Research and Policy Review · doi:10.1007/s11113-019-09539-w
Population aging and its economic consequences for China
Lee, R. (2020) · China Population and Development Studies · doi:10.1007/s42379-019-00040-7
Cha, S.-E., & Eun, K.-S. (2021) · Journal of Population Ageing · doi:10.1007/s12062-020-09321-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Amatonormative pronatalism in East Asia: the limits of marriage-centred policies
Lee, J.-Y. (2026) · JME Practical Bioethics · doi:10.1136/jmepb-2026-000232
Liu, W. (2026) · China Population and Development Studies · doi:10.1007/s42379-026-00225-x
“…intentions; and other studies link more equal domestic labor with willingness to have additional children and identify work-family conflict and parental burnout as barriers to fertility intentions (Yang, 2017 ; Kan & Hertog, 2017 ; Ji & Zheng, 2018 ; Li et al., 2024 ; Fu, Zhao, & Deng, 2025 ).”
Hummer, H. (2026) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soag026
Zhai, Y. (2025) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x251379010
“Similarly, gender inequality rooted in the Confucian family model is a key contributor to falling fertility (Kan & Hertog, 2017; McDonald, 2009; Myong et al., 2021; Suzuki, 2013).”
Affective aspects of parenthood and their intergenerational effects on fertility
Nakamura, M., & Akiyoshi, M. (2024) · International Sociology · doi:10.1177/02685809241230464
Rankoana, S. (2023) · E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences · doi:10.38159/ehass.202341313
Zhou, Q., Li, N., Zhang, J., & Fan, L.-B. (2023) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2023/1797697
“Normatively, the males head the family, and they are supposed to take charge of external matters and be responsible for the orderly management of the family, while the females have to shoulder more domestic work, such as cooking, laundry, and taking care of family members [44 – 46].”
BackgroundGender Revolution in Kazakhstan? Implications for Fertility Intentions
Kan, M. (2021) · doi:10.17045/sthlmuni.14665404.v1
“Kan and Hertog (2017) and Kan et al. (2019) tested the applicability of gender revolution concepts in East Asian contexts with a different measure – fertility preferences – and found a positive association of husbands’ greater involvement in housework with both his own and partner’s fertility…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Kan, M.-Y., & Hertog, E.
- Venue
- Demographic Research
- Published
- 2017-02-10
- Volume
- 36
- Pages
- 557-588
- ISSN
- 1435-9871 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2587678979
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 21.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Demographic Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
- Keywords
- division of household labor, fertility preferences, gender revolution, couples, fertility choice, East Asian countries, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan
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