Cited by 40Mining and Resource ManagementExtractivism and Socioeconomic IssuesIndigenous Cultures and History

COMUNIDADES INDÍGENAS, EMPRESAS DEL LITIO Y SUS RELACIONES EN EL SALAR DE ATACAMA

Open access
Gundermann, Hans, Göbel, Barbara·2018·Chungará (Arica)

Abstract

La importancia global creciente del litio otorga visibilidad a las regiones donde se produce.En el llamado "triángulo del litio" destaca el Salar de Atacama, en explotación desde la década de 1980 para la obtención de potasio y litio de salmueras.Menos conocidos son los efectos ambientales y sociales, así como los procesos sociales relacionados localmente con la minería de salares.Este tema aborda el artículo, destacando las relaciones que en el periodo se han sucedido entre empresas y comunidades atacameñas.Esos vínculos coevolucionan en uno y otro sentido.Los cursos de acción hacia las localidades circundantes y el municipio de San Pedro de Atacama tienen lugar al mismo tiempo que se forman actores locales y étnicos que van estableciendo demandas territoriales y socio culturales.Tales demandas van dirigidas en parte a las empresas mineras, discutiendo derechos territoriales, daños en los acuíferos y los ecosistemas del salar, usos alternativos del salar, redistribución de ganancias y participación.En el cambiante cuadro de vinculaciones comunidades-empresas estas desarrollan, ajustan e innovan términos de relación con las comunidades (del paternalismo a los valores compartidos) y aquellas también crean términos de relación dinámicos y estrategias (de la aceptación pasiva a formas de contraposición abierta).Lo hacen en escenarios (políticos, económicos, locales, nacionales y globales) que presentan oportunidades y abren posibilidades de acción o las restringen e impiden otras.Palabras claves: minería de salares, comunidad atacameña, demandas locales y étnicas, escenarios de negociación.The increasing global importance of lithium gives worldwide visibility to those regions where it is produced.In the so called lithium triangle, the salt flat of Atacama stands out as a major source of potassium and lithium, which have been extracted from mining brines since 1980.Less known are the environmental and social effects, as well as the social processes locally related to salt mining.This topic is addressed in this article by analyzing the relationships that in the period have occurred between companies and Atacameño communities.These links co-evolve in one direction or another.The actions aimed towards the surrounding communities and the local authorities of San Pedro de Atacama take place at the same time that local and ethnic actors are formed and make territorial and socio-cultural demands.Such demands are addressed to mining companies and involve land rights, damage to aquifers and saltwater ecosystems, alternative uses of the salt flats, redistribution of profits and participation.In the changing picture of community-company linkages, companies develop, adjust and innovate in terms of relationship with communities (from paternalism to shared values, for instance).Communities also create dynamic relationship terms and strategies (from passive acceptance to open forms of opposition).They do it in political, economic, local, national and global scenarios, which present opportunities and open possibilities for action, but which also restrict them and prevent others.

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Crossref · 10.4067/s0717-73562018005001602

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  • In the 1990s, Chilean governments provided favorable political opportunities for Atacama communities to become actors in formulating their collective demands and defending land, water, and other resources.

    “In the 1990s, when democracy returned to Chile, governments provided favorable political opportunities for Atacama communities to become actors in the formulation of their collective demands and the defense of land, water, and other resources (for an overview of indigenous organization and the processes of shaping ethnic demands see Gundermann and Göbel 2018; Gundermann and Vergara 2009”

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Authors
Gundermann, H., & Göbel, B.
Affiliations
  • Universidad Católica del Norte (CL)
  • Ibero-American Institute (DE)
Venue
Chungará (Arica)
Published
2018
Issue
ahead
Pages
0-0
ISSN
  • 0716-1182 (ISSN-L)
  • 0717-7356
OpenAlex
W2890922788
Cited by
40
References
1
Citations by year
2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1
FWCI
1.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Chungara (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Mining and Resource Management
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Extractivism and Socioeconomic Issues
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
Keywords
lithium mining, salt pans, Salar de Atacama, indigenous peoples, territorial claims, lithium triangle, water damage, ecosystem damage, profit redistribution, community participation, paternalism, shared values, San Pedro de Atacama, social movements, mining impacts

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