The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Assessing the efficacy and effectiveness of a Positive Psychology-based self-help book
Open accessAbstract
The current article discusses the potential utility of self-help books as a means of disseminating positive psychological interventions, and presents data comparing a positive psychology-based self-help book with a cognitive-behavioral self-help book and a self-monitoring control condition.We studied college freshmen (N=58), and argue that this population is a particularly appropriate target for well-being intervention.Outcome measures included both indices of efficacy (depressive symptoms and life satisfaction) and effectiveness (e.g. the extent to which participants found their assigned activities to be meaningful).The two book groups outperformed the control and were equivalently efficacious at reducing depressive symptoms; on life satisfaction, positive self-help outperformed cognitive-behavioral, but only at 6-month follow-up.Positive self-help was also superior to cognitive-behavioral self-help on indices of effectiveness.Possibilities for future directions are discussed, with an emphasis on the realities of practical dissemination to both college students, and to the general public.Key words.self-help books
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Digital tools have proven efficient for different psychological issues outside any pandemic situation.
“The use of such digital tools has already been investigated for different psychological issues, outside any pandemic situation, and has proven efficient (e.g., [67,68]).”
From At the Peak of the Second Wave of COVID-19, Did Millennials Show Different Emotional Responses from Older Adults? (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
The Abstract (pp. 141–149) reports that two self-help book groups reduced depressive symptoms compared with a control group. The discussion mentions web- and smartphone-based programs as having potential, but does not establish that digital tools proved effective; it also says use of a web component was very low. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
The satisfaction with life scale
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 · Cited by 31,768
The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803 · Cited by 7,143
Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.
Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.87.1.49 · Cited by 7,121
Review of the Satisfaction With Life Scale.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.164 · Cited by 3,611
Review of the Satisfaction With Life Scale
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2009) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_5 · Cited by 3,462
The use of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in adolescents and young adults
Radloff, L. S. (1991) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf01537606 · Cited by 1,997
Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy.
Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1984) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2068915 · Cited by 1,937
Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. C. (2006) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.61.8.774 · Cited by 1,560
Self-citationLyubomirsky, S., Dickerhoof, R., Boehm, J. K., & Sheldon, K. M. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0022575 · Cited by 720
Friedlander, L. J., Reid, G. J., Shupak, N., & Cribbie, R. (2007) · Journal of College Student Development · doi:10.1353/csd.2007.0024 · Cited by 660
Lewinsohn, P. M. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 472
The role of academic and non-academic factors in improving college retention: ACT policy report
Lotkowski, V. A., Robbins, S. B., & Noeth, R. J. (2004) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e420492008-001 · Cited by 443
Can seeking happiness make people unhappy? Paradoxical effects of valuing happiness.
Mauss, I. B., Tamir, M., Anderson, C. L., & Savino, N. S. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0022010 · Cited by 434
Milem, J. F., & Berger, J. B. (1997) · Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/7210 · Cited by 432
The continuity of depression in clinical and nonclinical samples.
Flett, G. L., Vredenburg, K., & Krames, L. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.395 · Cited by 374
Ouweneel, E., Blanc, P. M. L., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2011) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2011.558847 · Cited by 367
Compas, B. E., Wagner, B. M., Slavin, L. A., & Vannatta, K. (1986) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00911173 · Cited by 340
Bibliotherapy in unipolar depression: A meta-analysis
Cuijpers, P. (1997) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(97)00005-0 · Cited by 339 · cited 1×
“Cognitive-behavioral bibliotherapy has been found to be not only effective, but in some cases comparable to traditional in-person therapy (Cuijpers, 1997), and so it has great promise as an approach for widespread dissemination of psychological interventions.”
ResultThe how of happiness : a new approach to getting the life you want
Lyubomirsky, S. (2008) · Penguin Books · Cited by 328
The prevention of depression and anxiety.
Seligman, M. E. P., Schulman, P., DeRubeis, R. J., & Hollon, S. D. (1999) · Prevention & Treatment · doi:10.1037/1522-3736.2.1.28a · Cited by 317
Pursuing happiness in everyday life: The characteristics and behaviors of online happiness seekers.
Parks, A. C., Porta, M. D. D., Pierce, R. S., Zilca, R., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0028587 · Cited by 299
Self-citationThe Challenge of Staying Happier
Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167212436400 · Cited by 285
Disseminating Self-Help: Positive Psychology Exercises in an Online Trial
Schueller, S. M., & Parks, A. C. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1850 · Cited by 246 · cited 1×
“…option for individuals with limited financial means, as technology become more common and affordable, there is also great potential for the use of web-based (e.g. Schueller & Parks, 2012) and smartphone-based (e.g. Parks et al., 2012) self-help programs using positive psychology content.”
BackgroundSelf-citationFlourishing: Achievement-related correlates of students’ well-being
Howell, A. J. (2009) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760802043459 · Cited by 237
Group prevention of depression and anxiety symptoms
Seligman, M. E. P., Schulman, P., & Tryon, A. M. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.09.010 · Cited by 187
Preferences for positive psychology exercises
Schueller, S. M. (2010) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439761003790948 · Cited by 182
Cognitive bibliotherapy for mild and moderate adolescent depressive symptomatology.
Ackerson, J., Scogin, F., McKendree-Smith, N., & Lyman, R. D. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.66.4.685 · Cited by 174
Jr. Joiner Thomas, E. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.106.3.386 · Cited by 116
Positive interventions: Past, present, and future.
Parks, A. C., & Biswas‐Diener, R. (2013) · Cited by 96
Self-citationAre positive psychology exercises helpful for people with depressive personality styles?
Sergeant, S., & Mongrain, M. (2011) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2011.577089 · Cited by 95
David, S. A., Boniwell, I., & Ayers, A. C. (2013) · Cited by 69
Wolf, T., Scurria, P. L., & Webster, M. G. (1998) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/135910539800300110 · Cited by 49
Positive Psychotherapy: Building a model of empirically supported self -help
Parks-Sheiner, A. (2009) · Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 43
Bibliotherapy as a Treatment for Depression in Primary Care
Naylor, E. V., Antonuccio, D. O., Litt, M., Johnson, G. E., Spogen, D. R., Williams, R., McCarthy, C., Lu, M. M., Fiore, D. C., & Higgins, D. L. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-010-9207-2 · Cited by 43
Cho, W., & Logan, C. (2013) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414013488534 · Cited by 34
Increasing Happiness in the General Population: Empirically Supported Self-help?
Parks, A. C., Schueller, S. M., & Tasimi, A. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557257.013.0072 · Cited by 23
Self-citationMauss, I. B., Tamir, M., Anderson, C. L., et al. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0024986 · Cited by 4
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Judd, L. L., Akiskal, H. S., & Paulus, M. P. (1997). The role of clinical significance of subsyndromal depressive symptoms (SSD) in unipolar major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 45, 5-17.
- Parks, A. C. (2003). Developing a brief and cost-effective method of pre- venting depression and anxiety, promoting health and well-being, and fostering resilience in college freshmen. (Senior Thesis, Reed College).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions to improve mental wellbeing
van Agteren, J., Iasiello, M., Lo, L., Bartholomaeus, J., Kopsaftis, Z., Carey, M., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01093-w · Cited by 510
Positive activities as protective factors against mental health conditions
Layous, K., Chancellor, J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034709 · Cited by 253
Hone, L. C., Jarden, A., & Schofield, G. M. (2015) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2014.965267 · Cited by 105
Reduction of bodily pain in response to an online positive activities intervention
Hausmann, L. R. M., Parks, A., Youk, A. O., & Kwoh, C. K. (2014) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2014.02.004 · Cited by 82
Self-citationWagener, A., Stassart, C., & Etienne, A.-M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19105908 · Cited by 12
Wagener, A., Stassart, C., & Etienne, A.-M. (2022) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.1082 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Parks, A. C., & Szanto, R. K.
- Affiliations
- Hiram College (US)
- ORCID
- Parks, Acacia C
- Venue
- Terapia psicológica
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 141-149
- ISSN
- 0716-6184 (ISSN-L)
- 0718-4808
- OpenAlex
- W2081706188
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 8.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Terapia psicológica (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- positive psychology interventions, self-help books, intervention dissemination, university students, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, well-being interventions, efficacy and effectiveness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review