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Cited by 429Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchSports injuries and preventionAutomotive and Human Injury Biomechanics

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Frequency and Location of Head Impact Exposures in Individual Collegiate Football Players

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Crisco, Joseph J., Fiore, Russell, Beckwith, Jonathan G., Chu, Jeffrey J., Brolinson, Per Gunnar, Duma, Stefan, McAllister, Thomas W., Duhaime, Ann-Christine, Greenwald, Richard M.·2010·Journal of Athletic Training
DOI 10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.549PMC PMC2978006
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Abstract

Context: Measuring head impact exposure is a critical step toward understanding the mechanism and prevention of sport-related mild traumatic brain (concussion) injury, as well as the possible effects of repeated subconcussive impacts. Objective: To quantify the frequency and location of head impacts that individual players received in 1 season among 3 collegiate teams, between practice and game sessions, and among player positions. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Collegiate football field. Patients or Other Participants: One hundred eighty-eight players from 3 National Collegiate Athletic Association football teams. Intervention(s): Participants wore football helmets instrumented with an accelerometer-based system during the 2007 fall season. Main Outcome Measure(s): The number of head impacts greater than 10 g and location of the impacts on the player's helmet were recorded and analyzed for trends and interactions among teams (A, B, or C), session types, and player positions using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results: The total number of impacts players received was nonnormally distributed and varied by team, session type, and player position. The maximum number of head impacts for a single player on each team was 1022 (team A), 1412 (team B), and 1444 (team C). The median number of head impacts on each team was 4.8 (team A), 7.5 (team B), and 6.6 (team C) impacts per practice and 12.1 (team A), 14.6 (team B), and 16.3 (team C) impacts per game. Linemen and linebackers had the largest number of impacts per practice and per game. Offensive linemen had a higher percentage of impacts to the front than to the back of the helmet, whereas quarterbacks had a higher percentage to the back than to the front of the helmet. Conclusions: The frequency of head impacts and the location on the helmet where the impacts occur are functions of player position and session type. These data provide a basis for quantifying specific head impact exposure for studies related to understanding the biomechanics and clinical aspects of concussion injury, as well as the possible effects of repeated subconcussive impacts in football.

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Metadata

Authors
Crisco, J. J., Fiore, R., Beckwith, J. G., Chu, J. J., Brolinson, P. G., Duma, S., McAllister, T. W., Duhaime, A.-C., & Greenwald, R. M.
Affiliations
  • Brown University (US)
  • Simbex (United States) (US)
  • Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (US)
  • Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences (US)
  • Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center (US)
  • Dartmouth College (US)
Corresponding author
Crisco, Joseph J.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Athletic Training
Publisher
National Athletic Trainers' Association
Published
2010-11
Volume
45
Issue
6
Pages
549-559
ISSN
1062-6050 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.549
PMC
PMC2978006
OpenAlex
W2107447135
Cited by
429
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 17
FWCI
16.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Athletic Training (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Brown University
  • Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
  • Dartmouth College
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS055020)
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD048638, R44HD40473)
  • National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Keywords
head impact exposure, college football, concussion, subconcussive impacts, impact location, playing position, linemen, offensive linemen, quarterback
MeSH terms
Acceleration, Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, Biomechanical Phenomena, Brain Concussion, Brain Injuries, Football, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Statistics as Topic, United States, Universities, Cohort Studies, Statistics, Nonparametric, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Young Adult

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