The Neuropathology and Neurobiology of Traumatic Brain Injury

Blennow, Kaj; Hardy, John; Zetterberg, Henrik

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.021

Cited by 669Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesAutomotive and Human Injury Biomechanics

The Neuropathology and Neurobiology of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Blennow, Kaj, Hardy, John, Zetterberg, Henrik·2012·Neuron

DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.021

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Abstract

The acute and long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have received increased attention in recent years. In this Review, we discuss the neuropathology and neural mechanisms associated with TBI, drawing on findings from sports-induced TBI in athletes, in whom acute TBI damages axons and elicits both regenerative and degenerative tissue responses in the brain and in whom repeated concussions may initiate a long-term neurodegenerative process called dementia pugilistica or chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). We also consider how the neuropathology and neurobiology of CTE in many ways resembles other neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease, particularly with respect to mismetabolism and aggregation of tau, β-amyloid, and TDP-43. Finally, we explore how translational research in animal models of acceleration/deceleration types of injury relevant for concussion together with clinical studies employing imaging and biochemical markers may further elucidate the neurobiology of TBI and CTE.

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Others classify TBI into acute and chronic mechanisms, with chronic brain injury called chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative disorder due to chronic repetitive head trauma in athletes participating in contact sports.
“Others classify TBI into acute and chronic mechanisms: 1) acute brain injury that consists of mild TBI or concus-sion, including its short-term sequel and catastrophic brain injury that may lead to death; or 2) chronic brain injury, called chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which is a neurodegenerative disorder due to chronic repetitive head trauma in athletes participating in contact sports”
From Pituitary Dysfunction After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical and Pathophysiological Approach (2015) · cites this paper as [92]
The patchy, perivascular location of PHF-tau pathology in sulcal depths, prominent in early CTE, is most likely related to the physics of traumatic injury and shear deformation of the brain.
“The patchy, perivascular location of the PHF-tau pathology in sulcal depths, features prominent in early CTE, is most likely related to the physics of traumatic injury and shear deformation of the brain.”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [11]
Stress and resultant axonal injury are greatest at the interface of two tissues with differing viscoelastic properties, and the depths of cortical sulci are areas of stress concentration.
“Stress and resultant axonal injury are greatest at the interface of two tissues with differing viscoelastic properties (such as between blood vessels and brain, or between gray and white matter) and the depths of the cortical sulci are areas of stress concentration [11, 28, 33].”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [11]

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Authors: Blennow, K., Hardy, J., & Zetterberg, H.
Affiliations: Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
Corresponding author: Blennow, Kaj
ORCID: Blennow, Kaj
Hardy, John
Zetterberg, Henrik
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-12
Volume: 76
Issue: 5
Pages: 886-899
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.021
OpenAlex: W2048137511
Cited by: 669
References: 169
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 30
FWCI: 5.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 370 d)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Keywords: traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, concussion, sports-related head injury, axonal injury, neurodegeneration, tau aggregation, amyloid-beta, TDP-43, Alzheimer's disease, biomarkers, imaging biomarkers
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Brain Injuries, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, Neurobiology, Neurons, Amyloid beta-Peptides, tau Proteins, Neurodegenerative Diseases

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The Neuropathology and Neurobiology of Traumatic Brain Injury

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