Head impact exposure in collegiate football players
Open accessAbstract
In American football, impacts to the helmet and the resulting head accelerations are the primary cause of concussion injury and potentially chronic brain injury. The purpose of this study was to quantify exposures to impacts to the head (frequency, location and magnitude) for individual collegiate football players and to investigate differences in head impact exposure by player position. A total of 314 players were enrolled at three institutions and 286,636 head impacts were recorded over three seasons. The 95th percentile peak linear and rotational acceleration and HITsp (a composite severity measure) were 62.7g, 4378rad/s(2) and 32.6, respectively. These exposure measures as well as the frequency of impacts varied significantly by player position and by helmet impact location. Running backs (RB) and quarter backs (QB) received the greatest magnitude head impacts, while defensive line (DL), offensive line (OL) and line backers (LB) received the most frequent head impacts (more than twice as many than any other position). Impacts to the top of the helmet had the lowest peak rotational acceleration (2387rad/s(2)), but the greatest peak linear acceleration (72.4g), and were the least frequent of all locations (13.7%) among all positions. OL and QB had the highest (49.2%) and the lowest (23.7%) frequency, respectively, of front impacts. QB received the greatest magnitude (70.8g and 5428rad/s(2)) and the most frequent (44% and 38.9%) impacts to the back of the helmet. This study quantified head impact exposure in collegiate football, providing data that is critical to advancing the understanding of the biomechanics of concussive injuries and sub-concussive head impacts.
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Hockey players experience a very different profile of linear and rotational head impacts compared to football players as measured by helmet sensor studies.
“Hockey players experience a very different profile of linear and rotational head impacts compared to football players as measured by helmet sensor studies [42, 195].”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [42]
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Self-citationPractice type effects on head impact in collegiate football
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Laboratory Evaluation of Low-Cost Wearable Sensors for Measuring Head Impacts in Sports
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Self-citationField-based measures of head impacts in high school football athletes
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Comparative Analysis of Head Impact in Contact and Collision Sports
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Shear Shock Waves Observed in the Brain
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Estimated Brain Tissue Response Following Impacts Associated With and Without Diagnosed Concussion
Beckwith, J. G., Zhao, W., Ji, S., Ajamil, A., Bolander, R. P., Chu, J. J., McAllister, T. W., Crisco, J. J., Duma, S. M., Rowson, S., et al. (2018) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-018-1999-5 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
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Self-citationChurchill, N. W., Hutchison, M. G., Battista, A. P. D., Graham, S. J., & Schweizer, T. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00390 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effects of Sex and Event Type on Head Impact in Collegiate Soccer
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High-magnitude head impact exposure in youth football
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Drill-specific head impact exposure in youth football practice
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Self-citationAutomated versus manual segmentation of brain region volumes in former football players
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Quantifying Head Impacts in Collegiate Lacrosse
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Factors Affecting Head Impact Exposure in College Football Practices: A Multi-Institutional Study
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Self-citationHead Impact Sensor Triggering Bias Introduced by Linear Acceleration Thresholding
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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: the dangers of getting "dinged"
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Characterizing Verified Head Impacts in High School Girls’ Lacrosse
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A Proposed Method to Reduce Underreporting of Brain Injury in Sports
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A longitudinal study of the mechanical properties of injured brain tissue in a mouse model
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Longitudinal alteration of cortical thickness and volume in high-impact sports
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Laboratory Evaluation of Wireless Head Impact Sensor
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Estimating Contact Exposure in Football Using the Head Impact Exposure Estimate
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Comparison of head impact exposure in practice drills among multiple youth football teams
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Subconcussive impacts and imaging findings over a season of contact sports
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Self-citationConsensus Head Acceleration Measurement Practices (CHAMP): Study Design and Statistical Analysis
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Self-citationHead Impact Exposure in College Football after a Reduction in Preseason Practices
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Self-citationSubconcussive head impact exposure between drill intensities in U.S. high school football
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The generic modeling fallacy: Average biomechanical models often produce non-average results!
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- Authors
- Crisco, J. J., Wilcox, B. J., Beckwith, J. G., Chu, J. J., Duhaime, A.-C., Rowson, S., Duma, S. M., Maerlender, A. C., McAllister, T. W., & Greenwald, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Simbex (United States) (US)
- Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center (US)
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences (US)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crisco, Joseph J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Biomechanics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 2673-2678
- ISSN
- 0021-9290 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3189296
- OpenAlex
- W2126028421
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 15.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biomechanics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R25GM083270-S1, R25GM083270)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS055020)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD048638)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Keywords
- head impact exposure, college football, concussion, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, playing position, linear acceleration, angular acceleration, subconcussive impacts, impact frequency, running backs, quarterback
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Biomechanical Phenomena, Brain Concussion, Football, Head Protective Devices, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Sports Medicine, Brain Injury, Chronic
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