The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 74 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Medication Nonadherence in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Literature
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Nonadherence to prescribed antipsychotic medications places patients with schizophrenia at a greatly increased risk of illness exacerbation and rehospitalization. Identification of risk factors for nonadherence is an initial step toward designing effective interventions. This article reviews recent literature on the prevalence of and risk factors for medication nonadherence in patients with schizophrenia. DATA SOURCES: We searched the MEDLINE/HealthSTAR and PsycINFO databases using combinations of the keywords risk factor(s), adherence, compliance, antipsychotic, neuroleptic, schizophrenia, and psychosis for articles published since 1980 that identified risk factors for medication nonadherence in schizophrenia patients. We included reports that (1) were published in English and (2) specifically examined risk factors for medication nonadherence. Thirty-nine articles met our selection criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS: Among the 10 reports that met a strict set of study inclusion criteria, we found a mean rate of nonadherence of 41.2%; the 5 reports that met a stricter set of inclusion criteria had a mean nonadherence rate of 49.5%. In the 39 articles reviewed, factors most consistently associated with nonadherence included poor insight, negative attitude or subjective response toward medication, previous nonadherence, substance abuse, shorter illness duration, inadequate discharge planning or aftercare environment, and poorer therapeutic alliance. Findings regarding an association between adherence and medication type were inconclusive, although few studies explored this relationship. Other factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education level, neurocognitive impairment, severity of psychotic symptoms, severity of medication side effects, higher antipsychotic dose, presence of mood symptoms, route of medication administration, and family involvement were not found to be consistent predictors of nonadherence. Limitations of the published literature are discussed. CONCLUSION: Efforts to improve medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia should target relevant risk factors.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Disruption of treatment coverage has been associated with symptom relapse and increased risk of hospitalization [5–7].”
From Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia: An Overview (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, medication non-adherence is consistently associated with patients behavioral practices (e.g., substance abuse) [14, 74] and also patients’ socio-demographic characteristics (such as educational status, age, gender, and employment) [14, 72].”
From Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“In the present systematic review, medication non-adherence is associated with poor functioning of the health system such as lack of psychotherapy, lack of information, long treatment duration with little health personnel follow-up, inadequate discharge planning, increased hospitalizations, poor support and care environment, experiencing access barriers to high-quality care and health care”
From Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“This systematic review of factors influencing psychotropic medication non-adherence which is consistent with other systematic reviews [14, 72, 73, 77] has shown that medication adherence is mainly affected by patients’ negative attitude toward their medication, lack of insight, negative health belief, and perceived stigma.”
From Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“The present systematic review and meta-analysis finding is consistent with a finding from a comprehensive systematic review on schizophrenia which reported that a mean rate of non-adherence was 41.2%.”
From Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“In addition, medication non-adherence is associated with clinical- or medication-related factors [14, 72–74, 77].”
From Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“The sub-group analysis indicated that a mean non-adherence rate was 49.5% [14]”
From Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
Citations
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261 · Cited by 21,378
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.
Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1962.10.3.799 · Cited by 11,090
The Health Belief Model: a decade later.
Janz, N. K., & Becker, M. H. (1984) · Health Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/109019818401100101 · Cited by 8,437
Endicott, J. (1978) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770310043002 · Cited by 5,686
The Global Assessment Scale: A Procedure for Measuring Overall Severity of Psychiatric Disturbance
Endicott, J. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012 · Cited by 4,982
Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Definition and Reliability
Andreasen, N. C. (1982) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290070020005 · Cited by 2,247
What is Motivational Interviewing?
Rollnick, S., & Miller, W. R. (1995) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246580001643x · Cited by 1,737
Assessment of insight in psychosis
AMADOR, X. F., Strauss, D. H., Yale, S. A., FLAUM, M. M., Endicott, J., & Gorman, J. M. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.6.873 · Cited by 1,100
Hogan, T. P., Awad, A. G., & Eastwood, R. (1983) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700050182 · Cited by 1,032
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,000
Tessier, A., Boyer, L., Husky, M., Baylé, F., Llorca, P.-M., & Misdrahi, D. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.063 · Cited by 64
“Rates of medication non-adherence among patients with schizophrenia have been estimated at approximately 50% (Gilmer et al., 2004; Lacro et al., 2002; Velligan et al., 2009), leading to higher rates of relapse and hospitalization as well as to decreasing clinical, cognitive and functional prognosis…”
BackgroundAdherence behaviour with psychotropic medication is a form of self-medication
Mitchell, A. J. (2006) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.07.005 · Cited by 54
Comorbid substance abuse and neurocognitive function in recent-onset schizophrenia
Wobrock, T., Sittinger, H., Behrendt, B., D’Amelio, R., Falkai, P., & Caspari, D. (2006) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-006-0707-x · Cited by 55
“Persisting comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) has been associated with a negative outcome, including more frequent and longer periods of hospitalization, higher relapse rate even in first-episode patients, higher non-compliance, elevated EPS-rate in general and during antipsychotic treatment, unemployment, homeless…”
BackgroundMedication nonadherence in older people with serious mental illness: Prevalence and correlates.
Pratt, S. I., Mueser, K. T., Driscoll, M., Wolfe, R. S., & Bartels, S. J. (2006) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.2975/29.2006.299.310 · Cited by 55
Basic treatment principles for psychotic disorders in patients with epilepsy
Adachi, N., Kanemoto, K., de Toffol, B., Akanuma, N., Oshima, T., Mohan, A., & Sachdev, P. S. (2013) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.12102 · Cited by 55
“In cases of primary psychotic episodes, at least one half of patients are partially or completely nonadherent (Lacro et al., 2002; Abdel-Baki et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCavelti, M., Beck, E., Kvrgic, S., Kossowsky, J., & Vauth, R. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20872 · Cited by 55
Alphs, L. D., Bossie, C. A., Sliwa, J. K., Ma, Y.-W., & Turner, N. (2011) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1744-859x-10-12 · Cited by 55
“Achieving an adequate response can be hindered by non-adherence to the treatment regimen, a significant problem in managing patients with schizophrenia [6-8].”
BackgroundmHealth for schizophrenia spectrum disorders management: A systematic review
Chivilgina, O., Wangmo, T., Elger, B. S., Heinrich, T. W., & Jotterand, F. (2020) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764020933287 · Cited by 58
“This suboptimal adherence may be related to issues as diverse asocial isolation, stigma, comorbid substance use, psychotic symptoms, cognitive impairment, mood disturbance, lack of insight and the burden of medication side effects (Haddad et al., 2014; Lacro et al., 2002).”
BackgroundRosa, M. A., Marcolin, M. A., & Elkis, H. (2005) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462005000300005 · Cited by 53
Attitudes toward Medication and Reasons for Non-Compliance in Patients with Schizophrenia
Chandra, I. S., Kumar, K. L., Reddy, M. P., & Reddy, C. M. P. K. (2014) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.4103/0253-7176.135383 · Cited by 57
“[3] Lacro et al.[4] in their study have reported a median non-adherence rate of 47%.”
BackgroundVehof, J., Burger, H., Wilffert, B., Hadithy, A. A., Alizadeh, B. Z., & Snieder, H. (2012) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.01.006 · Cited by 53
“However, almost half of patients with schizophrenia display insufficient response to antipsychotic treatment and many patients show low compliance as a result (Lacro et al., 2002).”
BackgroundPrediction of twelve‐month service disengagement from an early intervention in psychosis service
Turner, M., Smith‐Hamel, C., & Mulder, R. (2007) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2007.00039.x · Cited by 53
“Factors associated with poor adherence and disengagement from treatment in psychiatric patients include lack of insight, positive symptoms, younger age; male gender; history of substance abuse; unemployment; and low social functioning.(12,24,25) In Early Intervention in Psychiatry 2007; 1: 276–281 doi:10.”
BackgroundHashimoto, Y., Uno, J., Miwa, T., Kurihara, M., Tanifuji, H., & Tensho, M. (2012) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02376.x · Cited by 52
“Three risk factors for non-adherence have been conceptualized: medication (poor response and sideeffects), patients (poor insight into illness), and environments (incorrect advice by significant others and high emotional expression).(4,5) These factors should be assessed not only as objective measurements but also as…”
BackgroundResultLiu, W., Downing, A. C., Munsie, L. M., Chen, P., Reed, M. R., Ruble, C., Landschulz, K. T., Kinon, B. J., & Nisenbaum, L. K. (2010) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/tpj.2010.90 · Cited by 51
Medication adherence: predictive factors and enhancement strategies
Patel, M. X., & David, A. S. (2004) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1383/psyt.3.10.41.52405 · Cited by 52
Nieman, D. H., & McGorry, P. D. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00221-7 · Cited by 61
Telenursing Intervention Increases Psychiatric Medication Adherence in Schizophrenia Outpatients
Beebe, L. H., Smith, K., Crye, C., Addonizio, C., Strunk, D. J., Martin, W., & Poche, J. (2008) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390308318750 · Cited by 52
Gianfrancesco, F. D., Rajagopalan, K., Sajatovic, M., & Wang, R. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.02.006 · Cited by 52
Gray, R. J., Bressington, D. T., Ivanecka, A., Hardy, S., Jones, M., Schulz, M., von Bormann, S., White, J., Anderson, K. H., & Chien, W. T. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0801-1 · Cited by 52
“Adherence to antipsychotic treatment is often poor; between 41 and 61 % of patients do not take medication as prescribed [2, 3].”
BackgroundInvolved, inputting or informing: “Shared” decision making in adult mental health care
Bradley, E., & Green, D. (2017) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.12601 · Cited by 52
Lasser, R. A., Bossie, C. A., Zhu, Y., Gharabawi, G. M., Eerdekens, M., & Davidson, M. (2004) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1184 · Cited by 52
Ratnanather, J. T., Poynton, C. B., Pisano, D. V., Crocker, B., Postell, E., Cebron, S., Ceyhan, E., Honeycutt, N. A., Mahon, P. B., & Barta, P. E. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.08.014 · Cited by 51
“Even in the presence of resources such as nation-wide drug history databases (which is only now beginning to emerge), adherence to neuroleptic medications tends to be on the order of 50% adherence to the prescribed medication plan (e.g. Lacro et al., 2002).”
BackgroundZhao, Y. J., Lin, L., Teng, M., Khoo, A. L., Soh, L. B., Furukawa, T. A., Baldessarini, R. J., Lim, B. P., & Sim, K. (2016) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002576 · Cited by 51
Feasibility of a Virtual Reality-Based Psychoeducational Tool (VRight) for Depressive Patients
Migoya-Borja, M., Delgado‐Gómez, D., Carmona, R., Porras‐Segovia, A., López-Moríñigo, J.-D., Sanchez-Alonso, M., Albarracín-García, L., Guerra, N., Barrigón, M. L., Alegria, M. M., et al. (2020) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2019.0497 · Cited by 54
Kirchner, S.-K., Lauseker, M., Adorjan, K., Anderson‐Schmidt, H., Anghelescu, I., Baune, B. T., Budde, M., Dannlowski, U., Dietrich, D. E., Fallgatter, A. J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.713060 · Cited by 50
Psychosocial interventions and medication adherence in bipolar disorder
Depp, C. A., Moore, D. J., Patterson, T. L., Lebowitz, B. D., & Jeste, D. V. (2008) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2008.10.2/cadepp · Cited by 51
“Conceptually, these can be divided into patient-related, medication-related, and providerrelated risk factors.(47) Most research has been focused on patient-related risk factors.”
BackgroundSelf-citationSCHIMMELMANN, B. G., Paulus, S., Schacht, M., Tilgner, C., Schulte‐Markwort, M., & Lambert, M. (2005) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2005.15.249 · Cited by 50
Lin, J., Wong, B., Offord, S. J., & Mirski, D. F. (2013) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-013-9329-z · Cited by 50
“A primary factor contributing to this large economic burden is that patients with schizophrenia frequently do not adhere to antipsychotic medication therapy for many reasons including, poor disease insight, negative attitude towards medication, previous nonadherence, and inadequate care.(3,4) Antipsychotic therapy, wh…”
ResultAcceptance and Commitment Therapy Applied to Treatment of Auditory Hallucinations
Veiga-Martínez, C., Álvarez, M. P., & García‐Montes, J. M. (2008) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/1534650107306291 · Cited by 52
Evaluation of treatment adherence in outpatients with schizophrenia
Chaudhari, B., Saldanha, D., Kadiani, A. M., & Shahani, R. (2017) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_24_17 · Cited by 53
“Volume 26 | Issue 2 | July-December 2017 Industrial Psychiatry Journal 218 previous studies.[2] Studies carried out in Indian set up also showed similar level of treatment nonadherence in patients with schizophrenia.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialRocca, P., Crivelli, B., Marino, F., Mongini, T., Portaleone, F., & Bogetto, F. (2007) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.08.013 · Cited by 50
Mental health professionals’ views and experiences of antipsychotic reduction and discontinuation
Cooper, R. E., Hanratty, É., Morant, N., & Moncrieff, J. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218711 · Cited by 49
Improving Treatment Adherence in Your Patients with Schizophrenia
Cañas, F., Alptekın, K., Azorin, J. M., Dubois, V., Emsley, R. A., Garcı́a, A. G., Gorwood, P. A. P. M., Haddad, P. M., Naber, D., Olivares, J. M., et al. (2013) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40261-012-0047-8 · Cited by 50
“Treatment guidelines highlight the importance of selecting an antipsychotic drug on an individual patient basis [8, 14].”
BackgroundInfluentialAnti-psychotics adherence among out-patients with schizophrenia in Hong Kong
Hui, C. L. M., Chen, E. Y. H., Kan, C., Yip, K., Law, C., & Chiu, C. P. Y. (2006) · The Keio Journal of Medicine · doi:10.2302/kjm.55.9 · Cited by 49
Early identification of non‐remission in first‐episode psychosis in a two‐year outcome study
Simonsen, E. H., Friis, S., Opjordsmoen, S., Mortensen, E. L., Haahr, U., Melle, I. S., Joa, I., Johannessen, J. O., Larsen, T. K., Røssberg, J. I., et al. (2010) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01598.x · Cited by 49
“Nonadherence to medication has consistently been reported as a major independent contributor to severity of psychotic symptoms and non-remission (24, 25).”
BackgroundÇetin, N., & Aylaz, R. (2018) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2018.04.011 · Cited by 53
Drug Adherence: Effects of Decreased Visit Frequency on Adherence to Clozapine Therapy
Patel, N. C., Crismon, M. L., Miller, A. L., & Johnsrud, M. T. (2005) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.9.1242 · Cited by 49
Nonadherence to Medication Four Years After a First Episode of Psychosis and Associated Risk Factors
Hill, M., Crumlish, N., Whitty, P., Clarke, M., Browne, S., Kamali, M., Kinsella, A., Waddington, J. L., Larkin, C., & O'Callaghan, E. (2010) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2010.61.2.189 · Cited by 48
Substance Abuse and the Management of Medication Nonadherence in Schizophrenia
Wilk, J. E., Marcus, S. C., West, J. C., Countis, L., Hall, R., Regier, D. A., & Olfson, M. (2006) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000221289.54911.63 · Cited by 48
Huber, C. G., Naber, D., & Lambert, M. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.9.12.2027 · Cited by 51
“Although no study so far has evaluated the direct influence of non-compliance on treatment resistance, the deviation from maintenance antipsychotic therapy, which was evident in 40 – 60% in a 1-year follow-up period, places patients at risk for exacerbation of psychosis, increased clinic and emergency room visits, reh…”
BackgroundHaddad, P. M., Fleischhacker, W. W., Peuskens, J., Cavallaro, R., Lean, M. E. J., Ma, M., Reynolds, G. P., Azorin, J., Thomas, P., & Möller, H. (2013) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125313510195 · Cited by 48
Watson, T., Simpson, S. H., & Hughes, C. A. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.050 · Cited by 47
“While reasons for medication non-adherence can be multifactorial, active substance use is considered one of the key causes in the field of psychiatry (Sowers and Golden, 1999; Weiss, 2004; Lacro et al., 2002).”
Younas, M., Bradley, E., Holmes, N., Sud, D., & Maidment, I. (2016) · International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy · doi:10.1007/s11096-016-0352-z · Cited by 42
“Adherence in SMI is very poor; estimated non-adherence rates for people diagnosed with schizophrenia range from 40 to 75 % [6, 7].”
BackgroundSubjective side effects of antipsychotics and medication adherence in people with schizophrenia
McCann, T. V., Clark, E., & Lu, L. (2009) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04906.x · Cited by 48
“Nevertheless, given the beneficial effects of antipsychotic medication for most service users and the adverse consequences of non-compliance (Robinson et al. 1999, Lacro et al. 2002, Zygmunt et al. 2002), it is important to understand their impact on adherence.”
Large, M. M. B., Smith, G., Sara, G. E., Paton, M. B., Kedzior, K. K., & Nielssen, O. B. (2012) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1350 · Cited by 47
“Patients with mental illness who also use substances are less adherent to prescribed treatment (Lacro et al., 2002; Perkins et al., 2008), have worse outcomes (Mauri et al.”
BackgroundShirley, M., & Perry, C. M. (2014) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-014-0231-7 · Cited by 47
Gilmer, T., Ojeda, V. D., Barrio, C., Fuentes, D., Garcia, P., Lanouette, N. M., & Lee, K. C. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.60.2.175 · Cited by 47
“al identifiy additional patient and provider level factors predictive of nonadherence to antipsychotic medication among persons with schizophrenia including poor insight, negative attitude or subjective response toward medication, substance abuse, shorter illness duration, and inadequate discharge planning or aftercar…”
BackgroundLambert, T. J. R., Olivares, J. M., Peuskens, J., DeSouza, C., Kozma, C. M., Otten, P., Crivera, C., Jacobs, A., Macfadden, W., Mao, L., et al. (2011) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1744-859x-10-10 · Cited by 47
“However, with oral antipsychotic medication, non-adherence is present in approximately half of patients [5].”
BackgroundShah, A., Xie, L., Kariburyo, F., Zhang, Q., & Gore, M. R. (2018) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-018-0786-x · Cited by 47
Mielau, J., Altunbay, J., Gallinat, J., Heinz, A., Bermpohl, F., Lehmann, A. I., & Montag, C. (2015) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-015-0598-9 · Cited by 45
Hansen, R. A., Maciejewski, M. L., Yu-Isenberg, K. S., & Farley, J. F. (2012) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201100328 · Cited by 46
Resistance is not futile: treatment-refractory schizophrenia – overview, evaluation and treatment
Faden, J., & Citrome, L. (2018) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1543409 · Cited by 44
Nakonezny, P. A., & Byerly, M. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.10.015 · Cited by 46
“Although prior research suggests that these factors can potentially moderate medication adherence (Fenton et al., 1997; Lacro et al., 2002), stepwise (multiple) linear regression determined that just three of the 15 baseline characteristics were significantly associated with electronically determined adherence in this…”
Backgroundle Quach, P., Mors, O. N., Christensen, T. Ø., Krarup, G., Jørgensen, P., Bertelsen, M., Jeppesen, P., Petersen, L., Thorup, A. A. E., & Nordentoft, M. (2009) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2008.00108.x · Cited by 53
Starr, H. L., Bermak, J., Mao, L., Rodriguez, S., & Alphs, L. D. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.005 · Cited by 45
Comorbid substance abuse and brain morphology in recent-onset psychosis
Wobrock, T., Sittinger, H., Behrendt, B., D’Amelio, R., & Falkai, P. (2009) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-008-0831-x · Cited by 45
“Persisting comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) has been associated with a negative outcome like more frequent and longer periods of hospitalization, higher relapse rates even in first-episode patients, elevated EPS-rates, lower medication compliance, violence and unemployment [18, 33, 35, 41, 45, 51, 57, 60, 62].”
BackgroundBui, K., Earley, W. R., & Nyberg, S. (2013) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007995.2013.794774 · Cited by 46
Sajatovic, M., Ross, R., Legacy, S. N., Correll, C. U., Kane, J. M., DiBiasi, F., Fitzgerald, H., & Byerly, M. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s167394 · Cited by 44
“50% have been reported.(20,21) Poor adherence with oral medication has been cited as a primary modifiable reason for poor outcomes(22) and for prescribing LAIs.”
BackgroundHarlin, M., Yildirim, M., Such, P., Madera‐McDonough, J., Jan, M., Jin, N., Watkin, S., & Larsen, F. (2023) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-023-00996-8 · Cited by 45
O’Brien, M. J., Whitaker, R. C., Yu, D., & Ackermann, R. T. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.05.017 · Cited by 45
“And previous studies have found that patients' lack of insight into an illness predicts poor medication adherence and disease-related outcomes (Lacro et al., 2002).”
BackgroundSauer, B. C., Teng, C., Tang, D. H., Leng, J., Curtis, J. R., Mikuls, T. R., Harrison, D. J., & Cannon, G. W. (2016) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22944 · Cited by 44
“Many other factors associated with medication adherence (35-47) were not addressed in this analysis, but there is no reason to suspect that these differences were unevenly distributed in this population between the TNFi+MTX and triple therapy groups.”
BackgroundCrellin, N. E., Priebe, S., Morant, N. J., Lewis, G., Freemantle, N., Johnson, S., Horne, R., Pinfold, V., Kent, L., Smith, R., et al. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03822-5 · Cited by 44
“These factors may be related to the low adherence rates amongst patients with schizophrenia [30, 31], which are linked to increased risk of relapse and rehospitalisation [32].”
BackgroundTsang, H. W. H., Fung, K. M. T., & Corrigan, P. W. (2008) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.02.003 · Cited by 44
Ibrahim, A. W., Yahya, S., Pindar, S. K., Wakil, M. A., Garkuwa, A., & Sale, S. (2015) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.2015.21.39.6664 · Cited by 43
“In a comprehensive literature review, Lacro et al. (2002), concluded that gender was not a consistent predictor of non-adherence to treatment [22].”
BackgroundMilz, R., Benson, C. J., Knight, K., Antunes, J., Najarian, D. M., Rengel, P. M. L., Wang, S., Richarz, U., Gopal, S., & Kane, J. M. (2023) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s395383 · Cited by 47
Therapeutic Alliance and Improvements in Work Performance Over Time in Patients With Schizophrenia
Davis, L. W., & Lysaker, P. H. (2007) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000261954.36030.a1 · Cited by 43
“…those with schizophrenia, therapeutic alliance (TA) is broadly linked with treatment adherence and with such treatment outcomes as reduced symptoms, improved quality of life and adherence to medication (Fenton et al., 1997; Frank and Gunderson, 1990; Lacro et al., 2002; Svensson and Hansson, 1999).”
BackgroundReal-World Antipsychotic Treatment Practices
Moore, T. A., Covell, N. H., Essock, S. M., & Miller, A. L. (2007) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2007.04.008 · Cited by 43
Patienten mit schizophrenen Störungen im psychiatrischen Maßregelvollzug
Habermeyer, E., Wolff, R., Gillner, M., Strohm, R., & Kutscher, S.-U. (2010) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-009-2913-z · Cited by 43
Pakpour, A. H., Modabbernia, A., Lin, C., Saffari, M., Ahmadzad-Asl, M., & Webb, T. L. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171700109x · Cited by 46
“Despite the fact that it is possible to control the symptoms of BD using medication, low levels of adherence is a substantial problem and have been reported in up to 50% of cases (Lacro et al. 2002; Lingam & Scott, 2002; Scott & Pope, 2002a, b; Geddes & Miklowitz, 2013).”
BackgroundManagement of Patients Presenting with Acute Psychotic Episodes of Schizophrenia
Thomas, P., Alptekın, K., Gheorghe, M., Mauri, M., Olivares, J. M., & Riedel, M. J. (2009) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200923030-00002 · Cited by 45
“These patients present specific challenges, as they are more likely to respond less well to antipsychotic medication,([96]) to require longer hospitalization,([97]) to present an elevated suicide risk([87]) and to be poorly adherent to treatment.([98]) Such patients are best managed on an inpatient basis.”
BackgroundKlingberg, S., Schneider, S., Wittorf, A., Buchkremer, G., & Wiedemann, G. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.07.027 · Cited by 43
Patient adherence to medical treatment: a meta review
Sluijs, E. M., van Dulmen, S., van Dijk, L., de Ridder, D. T. D., Heerdink, E. R., & Bensing, J. M. (2006) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 42
Measuring Medication Adherence in Patients With Schizophrenia: An Integrative Review
Bright, C. E. (2016) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2016.09.003 · Cited by 42
“…(Buchanan et al., 2010; Velligan et al., 2009) but as many as 50% of patients with schizophrenia fail to take their medications as prescribed (Lacro et al., 2002; Stephenson et al., 2012; Velligan et al., 2009) and nonadherence rate accounts for 40% of re-hospitalizations (Knapp, King,…”
BackgroundTemmingh, H. S., Williams, T., Siegfried, N., & Stein, D. J. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011057.pub2 · Cited by 47
Comparing cognitive functions in medication adherent and non-adherent patients with schizophrenia
El-Missiry, A., Elbatrawy, A. N., Missiry, M. E., Moneim, D. A., Ali, R., & Essawy, H. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.09.006 · Cited by 42
Uhlmann, C., KAEHLER, J., Harris, M. S. H., UNSER, J., Arolt, V., & Lencer, R. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000454787.75106.ae · Cited by 42
Jung, E., Wiesjahn, M., & Lincoln, T. M. (2013) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.851425 · Cited by 46
Dosing Frequency and Adherence to Antipsychotic Medications
Pfeiffer, P. N., Ganoczy, D., & Valenstein, M. M. (2008) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.59.10.1207 · Cited by 42
Drake, R. J., Nordentoft, M., Haddock, G., Arango, C., Fleischhacker, W. W., Glenthøj, B., Leboyer, M., Leucht, S., Leweke, M., McGuire, P., et al. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv015 · Cited by 42
Hui, C. L. M., Poon, V. W.-Y., Ko, W. T., Miao, H.-Y., Chang, W. C., Lee, E. H. M., Chan, S. K. W., Lin, J., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.026 · Cited by 44
“Ameta-analysis reported a general non-adherence rate of 50% in schizophrenia patients (Lacro et al., 2002).”
Priebe, S., Golden, E., Kingdon, D., Omer, S., Walsh, S., Katevas, K., McCrone, P., Eldridge, S. M., & McCabe, R. (2017) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/pgfar05060 · Cited by 40
“discussed via a four-step approach: (1) understanding, (2) looking forward, (3) exploring options and (4) agreeing on actions.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKloosterboer, S. M., de Winter, B. C. M., Bahmany, S., Al‐Hassany, L., Dekker, A., Dieleman, G. C., van Gelder, T., Dierckx, B., & Koch, B. C. P. (2018) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/ftd.0000000000000502 · Cited by 41
Hatch, A., Hoffman, J. E., ROSS, R. W., & Docherty, J. P. (2018) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.9777 · Cited by 42
“As would be expected based on the treatment adherence literature [38-41], the experts endorsed positive expectations about the potential benefits of treatment, a good therapeutic alliance with the HCP, good occupational and cognitive functioning, and a readiness to change among characteristics that are very likely to…”
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics: what, when, and how
Citrome, L. (2021) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852921000249 · Cited by 41
Promoting Treatment Adherence in Assertive Community Treatment
Angell, B., Mahoney, C. A., & Martinez, N. I. (2006) · Social Service Review · doi:10.1086/505287 · Cited by 41
“…that medication nonadherence rates range 25–75 percent among people with schizophrenia (Fenton, Blyler, and Heinssen 1997; Cramer and Rosenheck 1999; Lacro et al. 2002; Nosé, Barbui, and Tansella 2003; Lieberman et al. 2005).1 Medication nonadherence increases the risk that a client with…”
BackgroundMartin, D. J., Haq, Z. U., Nicholl, B. I., Cullen, B., Evans, J. J., Gill, J. M. R., Roberts, B. A., Gallacher, J., Mackay, D., McIntosh, A. M., et al. (2016) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.157784 · Cited by 42
“According to some estimates up to 50% of patients prescribed psychotropic medication do not comply with their proposed medication (27-29).”
BackgroundSubjective Response to Antipsychotics of Schizophrenia Patients Treated in Routine Clinical Practice
Ritsner, M. S., Perelroyzen, G., Ilan, H., & Gibel, A. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000125684.82219.53 · Cited by 41
Brain, C., Sameby, B., Allerby, K., Quinlan, P. S., Joas, E., Lindström, E., Burns, T., & Wærn, M. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.10.016 · Cited by 40
“Also, a shorter illness duration is a known risk factor for non-adherence (Lacro et al., 2002) whereas many study participants were older with a longer history of illness.”
BackgroundBinsfeld, H., Szczepanski, L., Waechter, S., Richarz, U., & Sabatowski, R. (2010) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00342.x · Cited by 40
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia in Spain.
Arango, C., Baeza, I., Bernardo, M., Cañas, F., de Dios, C., Díaz-Marsá, M., García-Portilla, M., Gutiérrez-Rojas, L., Olivares, J. M., Rico-Villademoros, F., et al. (2019) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.03.006 · Cited by 25
“2009;24(5):287-96 ARTICLE PSM-409; No.”
Association between Therapeutic Alliance and Adherence in Outpatient Schizophrenia Patients
Chang, J. G., Roh, D. D., & Kim, C. (2019) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2019.17.2.273 · Cited by 43
Desalegn, D., Girma, S., & Abdeta, T. (2020) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01340-0 · Cited by 40
Preventing mental illness: closing the evidence-practice gap through workforce and services planning
Furber, G., Segal, L., Leach, M., Turnbull, C., Procter, N. G., Diamond, M., Miller, S., & McGorry, P. D. (2015) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-015-0954-5 · Cited by 52
“Poor adherence and non-response to treatments are additional challenges facing the management of mental illness [62, 63].”
BackgroundTRIP: a psycho‐educational programme in Hong Kong for people with schizophrenia
Chan, S. H., Lee, S. W., & Chan, I. W. M. (2007) · Occupational Therapy International · doi:10.1002/oti.226 · Cited by 40
Hofer, A., Rettenbacher, M. A., Edlinger, M., Kemmler, G., Widschwendter, C. G., & Fleischhacker, W. W. (2007) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01087.x · Cited by 40
“Among the factors related to the patient, negative attitudes toward or subjective response to medication has been consistently found to be associated with non-compliance (7).”
BackgroundCompton, M. T., Rudisch, B. E., Weiss, P., West, J. C., & Kaslow, N. J. (2005) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.07.009 · Cited by 40
A qualitative study of medication adherence amongst people with schizophrenia
Clifford, L., Crabb, S., Turnbull, D. A., Hahn, L. A., & Galletly, C. A. (2020) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2020.06.002 · Cited by 39
Olivares, J. M., Alptekın, K., Azorin, J., Cañas, Dubois, Emsley, R., Gorwood, P. A. P. M., Haddad, P. M., Naber, Papageorgiou, et al. (2013) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s37534 · Cited by 39
“Definitions of medication adherence among patients with schizophrenia vary greatly, with reported rates of nonadherence of up to 72% being reported depending on the definition adopted, the method used to assess adherence, and the patient population evaluated.(10) Considerable research effort has focused on the impact…”
MethodLjungdalh, P. S. (2017) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2017.08.001 · Cited by 39
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics treatment during COVID-19 pandemic – A new challenge
Ifteni, P. I., Dima, L., & Teodorescu, A. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.04.030 · Cited by 39
“Experts considered that LAIs should be introduced as early as possible for better outcome in schizophrenia (Stahl, 2014).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Lacro, J. P., Dunn, L. B., Dolder, C. R., Leckband, S. G., & Jeste, D. V.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2002-10-15
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 892-909
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2070893229
- Cited by
- 1,383
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 74 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 103 · 2012: 97
- FWCI
- 18.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r29mh056938-04)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH49671, R01MH059101, MH-43693, MH56938, MH59101, P30MH049671, MH-19934, T32MH019934)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- medication non-adherence, schizophrenia, antipsychotic drugs, risk factors, prevalence, lack of insight, substance abuse, therapeutic relationship, aftercare planning, hospital readmission
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Ambulatory Care, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Probability, Research Design, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Antipsychotic Agents, Prevalence, Treatment Refusal
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
