The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Prospective, Long-Term, Multicenter Study of the Naturalistic Outcomes of Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a long-term, disabling illness. We report on the characteristics and outcomes of a large cohort of patients with a level of treatment resistance that is very substantial and who were treated for 2 years with standard care. METHOD: This 2-year prospective, multicenter, observational study (patients enrolled from January 2001 through July 2004) tracked the outcomes of 124 patients with treatment-resistant, nonpsychotic major depressive disorder (N = 109) or bipolar depressed phase disorder (N = 15) who received treatment as usual (TAU) (i.e., any therapeutic regimen agreed to by patients and psychiatrists, including medications, electroconvulsive therapy [ECT], and psychotherapy). Treatments could be adjusted, started, and stopped as necessary. The primary outcome, treatment response, was defined a priori as > or = 50% improvement from baseline as measured by the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (IDS-SR-30). Remission was defined as an IDS-SR-30 score of < or = 14. The Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to monitor quality-of-life changes. RESULTS: The 12- and 24-month IDS-SR-30 response rates were 11.6% (13/112) and 18.4% (19/103), respectively. Of the 13 responders at 12 months, only 5 were responders at 24 months. The 12- and 24-month IDS-SR-30 remission rates were 3.6% (4/112) and 7.8% (8/103), respectively. Only 1 of the 4 12-month remitters was also a remitter at 24 months. The SF-36 indicated globally poor quality of life in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the wide range of treatment options available for depression, the response rates, remission rates, and quality-of-life results in this study show that most patients with a substantial degree of treatment resistance continue to have significant symptomatology and functional disability when receiving TAU.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Another study 33 reported that in TRD patients, the life-time risk of suicide attempts is assessed to be close to 30%.”
In the citing paper
“These remission rates are lower in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) [5] which is associated with a higher risk of recurrence, substance abuse, and suicidal behavior [6,7].”
From The Efficacy of Buprenorphine in Major Depression, Treatment-Resistant Depression and Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Review (2018) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Anderson, I. M., Ferrier, I. N., Baldwin, R., Cowen, P. J., Howard, L. M., Lewis, G., Matthews, K., McAllister-Williams, H., Peveler, R. C., Scott, J. L., et al. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881107088441 · Cited by 909
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Ventral Capsule/Ventral Striatum for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Malone, D. A., Dougherty, D. D., Rezai, A. R., Carpenter, L. L., Friehs, G. M., Eskandar, E. N., Rauch, S. L., Rasmussen, S. A., Machado, A. G., Kubu, C. S., et al. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.029 · Cited by 897
Stanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Cole, E. J., Stimpson, K. H., Bentzley, B. S., Gulser, M., Cherian, K., Tischler, C., Nejad, R., Pankow, H., Choi, E., Aaron, H., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19070720 · Cited by 802
“6% remission rate after 1 year of treatment (67), demonstrating the low incidence of spontaneous remission in this population.”
BackgroundTreatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions
Al-harbi (2012) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s29716 · Cited by 796
“A naturalistic study revealed that most patients with a substantial degree of treatment resistance continue to have significant symptoms and functional disability when receiving their usual treatment.(36) Finally, the adverse effects of medication and poor compliance determined by poverty and low education may be addi…”
Cleare, A., Pariante, C., Young, A., Anderson, I., Christmas, D., Cowen, P., Dickens, C., Ferrier, I., Geddes, J., Gilbody, S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881115581093 · Cited by 759
“4%, and where only 38% responders at 12 months were responders at 24 months (Dunner et al., 2006).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Dunner, D. L., Rush, A. J., Russell, J. M., Burke, M., Woodard, S., Wingard, P., & Allen, J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- University of Kansas (US)
- IQVIA (United States) (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2006-05-15
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 05
- Pages
- 688-695
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1978161441
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 5.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- treatment-resistant depression, major depressive disorder, bipolar depression, treatment response, remission, quality of life, functional disability, long-term outcomes, usual care, electroconvulsive therapy, psychotherapy, antidepressant treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antidepressive Agents, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Drug Resistance, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Health Status, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Psychotropic Drugs, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Recurrence, Cohort Studies, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
