Cited by 477Diabetes Management and ResearchElectrochemical sensors and biosensorsHyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients

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Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors for Diabetes Management: A Review of Technologies and Applications

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Cappon, Giacomo, Vettoretti, Martina, Sparacino, Giovanni, Facchinetti, Andrea·2019·Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

DOI 10.4093/dmj.2019.0121PMC PMC6712232

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Abstract

By providing blood glucose (BG) concentration measurements in an almost continuous-time fashion for several consecutive days, wearable minimally-invasive continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors are revolutionizing diabetes management, and are becoming an increasingly adopted technology especially for diabetic individuals requiring insulin administrations. Indeed, by providing glucose real-time insights of BG dynamics and trend, and being equipped with visual and acoustic alarms for hypo- and hyperglycemia, CGM devices have been proved to improve safety and effectiveness of diabetes therapy, reduce hypoglycemia incidence and duration, and decrease glycemic variability. Furthermore, the real-time availability of BG values has been stimulating the realization of new tools to provide patients with decision support to improve insulin dosage tuning and infusion. The aim of this paper is to offer an overview of current literature and future possible developments regarding CGM technologies and applications. In particular, first, we outline the technological evolution of CGM devices through the last 20 years. Then, we discuss about the current use of CGM sensors from patients affected by diabetes, and, we report some works proving the beneficial impact provided by the adoption of CGM. Finally, we review some recent advanced applications for diabetes treatment based on CGM sensors.

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Authors: Cappon, G., Vettoretti, M., Sparacino, G., & Facchinetti, A.
Affiliations: University of Padua (IT)
Corresponding author: Facchinetti, Andrea
ORCID: Cappon, Giacomo
Vettoretti, Martina
Sparacino, Giovanni
Facchinetti, Andrea
Venue: Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
Publisher: Korean Diabetes Association
Published: 2019
Volume: 43
Issue: 4
Pages: 383
ISSN: 2233-6079 (ISSN-L)
2233-6087
DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0121
PMC: PMC6712232
OpenAlex: W2964434942
Cited by: 477
References: 81
Citations by year: 2026: 70 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 4
FWCI: 5.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring, diabetes management, blood glucose monitoring, hypoglycemia, glycemic variability, insulin dose, insulin infusion, decision support, wearable sensors
MeSH terms: Wearable Electronic Devices, Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Blood Glucose, Child, Child, Preschool, Decision Support Systems, Management, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, Insulin Infusion Systems, Male, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Young Adult

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Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors for Diabetes Management: A Review of Technologies and Applications

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