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Fetal Abdominal Obesity Detected At 24 to 28 Weeks of Gestation Persists Until Delivery Despite Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Open accessAbstract
Background: Fetal abdominal obesity (FAO) has been reported to be affected at gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation in older and/or obese women. This study investigated whether the management of GDM improves FAO in GDM subjects near term.Methods: Medical records of 7,099 singleton pregnant women delivering at CHA Gangnam Medical Center were reviewed retrospectively. GDM was diagnosed by 100-g oral glucose tolerance test after 50-g glucose challenge test based on Carpenter–Coustan criteria. GDM subjects were divided into four study groups according to maternal age and obesity. FAO was defined as ≥90th percentile of fetal abdominal overgrowth ratios (FAORs) of the ultrasonographically estimated gestational age (GA) of abdominal circumference per actual GA by the last menstruation period, biparietal diameter, or femur length, respectively.Results: As compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects near term, FAORs and odds ratio for FAO were significantly higher in old and/or obese women with GDM but not in young and nonobese women with GDM. For fetuses of GDM subjects with FAO at the time of GDM diagnosis, the odds ratio for exhibiting FAO near term and being large for GA at birth were 7.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.38 to 14.15) and 10.96 (95% CI, 5.58 to 20.53) compared with fetuses of NGT subjects without FAO at GDM diagnosis.Conclusion: Despite treatment, FAO detected at the time of GDM diagnosis persisted until delivery. Early diagnosis and treatment might be necessary to prevent near term FAO in high-risk older and/or obese women.
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“Using ultrasound, fetal abdominal overgrowth can be detected as early as 24 to 28 weeks of gestation [28,29].”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Approaches and Maternal-Offspring Complications (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
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“Large for gestational age (LGA) and macrosomia with birth weight ≥4 kg due to increased fetal adiposity is thus an important fetal complication of GDM [5-7].”
BackgroundResultKim, M. H., Kwak, S. H., Kim, S.-H., Hong, J. S., Chung, H. R., Choi, S. H., Kim, M. Y., & Jang, H. C. (2019) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2018.0192 · Cited by 50
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Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Ye, W., Luo, C., Huang, J., Li, C., Liu, Z., & Liu, F. (2022) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-067946 · Cited by 1,073
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Approaches and Maternal-Offspring Complications
Moon, J. H., & Jang, H. C. (2022) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2021.0335 · Cited by 377
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, W., Park, S. K., & Kim, Y. L.
- Affiliations
- Yonsei University (KR)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- CHA University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Yoo Lee
- Venue
- Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
- Publisher
- Korean Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2021-07-31
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 547-557
- ISSN
- 2233-6079 (ISSN-L)
- 2233-6087
- PMC
- PMC8369219
- OpenAlex
- W3133605677
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 2.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- YUHSpace (Yonsei University Medical Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Samsung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal age, maternal obesity, macrosomia, GDM management, fetal growth
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Fetal Macrosomia, Fetus, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Obesity, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Diabetes, Gestational, Obesity, Abdominal
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Fetal Abdominal Obesity Detected At 24 to 28 Weeks of Gestation Persists Until Delivery Despite Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4093/dmj.2020.0078
- The paper
- Kim, W., Park, S. K., & Kim, Y. L. (2021). Fetal Abdominal Obesity Detected At 24 to 28 Weeks of Gestation Persists Until Delivery Despite Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0078
