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Healthy worker effect phenomenon
Open accessAbstract
The Healthy Worker Effect (HWE) phenomenon has been under debate since some years. Some epidemiologists regard HWE as an ordinary method problem while others consider it a field of science by itself. This article gives definitions of HWE explained with historical background; discusses factors affecting it and suggests methods to minimize problems associated with it.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shah, D.
- Affiliations
- Capricorn Energy PLC (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Shah, Divyang
- Venue
- Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
- Publisher
- Medknow
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 77
- ISSN
- 0019-5278 (ISSN-L)
- 0973-2284
- PMC
- PMC2847330
- OpenAlex
- W2064842512
- Cited by
- 325
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bioline International (Bioline International) (submittedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- healthy worker effect, occupational health, selection bias, bias mitigation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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