Scar endometriosis
Open accessAbstract
Endometriosis is the presence of functioning endometrium outside the uterus. Endometriosis rarely occurs in the abdominal wall. Majority of abdominal wall endometriosis occur in or adjacent to surgical scars, following caesarean section or hysterectomy. Laparotomy scar endometriosis following salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy has rarely been reported. We report a case of scar endometriosis following laparotomy for chronic ectopic, and diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Excision biopsy confirmed the FNAC diagnosis of scar endometriosis.
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This case report describes a 28-year-old woman with scar endometriosis presenting as a painful lower abdominal wall nodule 3 years after laparotomy for chronic ectopic pregnancy. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) suggested endometriosis, and excision biopsy confirmed the diagnosis.
Key findings
- A 28-year-old G2P1 woman presented with a 2-year history of a painful nodule over the lower abdominal wall after laparotomy for chronic ectopic 3 years earlier; examination showed a 3×3 cm firm, slightly tender subcutaneous nodule above a Pfannenstiel scar, and ultrasonography showed an ill-defined hypoechoic 21×16 mm subcutaneous lesion.
- FNAC smears were cellular with monolayered sheets of polygonal epithelial cells, irregular stromal fragments of spindle cells, mixed inflammatory infiltrate, naked stromal nuclei, and occasional hemosiderin-laden macrophages in a hemorrhagic background; FNAC diagnosis was endometriosis.
- Excision biopsy showed a 5×5 cm fibrofatty mass with a central fibrous grey-white area containing minute cystic spaces; microscopy showed variably dilated endometrial glands surrounded by spindle cell stroma, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages within fibrocollagenous tissue, confirming FNAC diagnosis.
- The paper cites scar endometriosis incidence as 1.08% for mid-trimester abortion and 0.03–0.4% following caesarean sections, and notes Horton et al. reviewed 445 cases of abdominal wall endometriosis, with 57%, 11%, and 12% occurring in caesarean section, hysterectomy, and other surgical scars, respectively, and 20% not in scars.
Methods
- Single case report of a 28-year-old woman with a painful abdominal wall nodule after prior laparotomy for chronic ectopic pregnancy.
- Diagnostic evaluation included clinical examination, ultrasonography, FNAC, and subsequent excision biopsy with histopathology.
- The report is descriptive, comparing cytological and histopathological findings with literature on scar endometriosis and its differential diagnosis.
Limitations
- The paper does not state limitations.
- Evident from the text: this is a single case report, so findings are not generalizable and no follow-up or recurrence data are reported.
- Evident from the text: the literature discussion is narrative rather than a systematic review, and incidence figures are cited from prior studies rather than derived from this case.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
0 of 22 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Findingown data
Excision biopsy confirmed the FNAC diagnosis of scar endometriosis.
“The excised mass was composed of 5×5 cm fibrofatty tissue with central fibrous grey-white area containing minute cystic spaces [Figure 2a]. Microscopy showed variably dilated endometrial glands surrounded by spindle cell stroma, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and hemosiderin laden macrophages within fibrocollagenous tissue [Figure 2b], confirming the FNAC diagnosis of endometriosis.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Ultrasonography revealed an ill-defined hypoechoic, 21×16 mm lesion in the subcutaneous plane.
“Ultrasonography revealed an ill-defined hypoechoic, 21×16 mm lesion in the subcutaneous plane.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Examination revealed a well-defined, 3×3 cm, firm and slightly tender nodule in the subcutaneous plane above the pfannenstiel scar.
“Examination revealed a well-defined, 3×3 cm, firm and slightly tender nodule in the subcutaneous plane above the pfannenstiel scar.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Endometriosis in an operative scar is rare.
“Endometriosis in an operative scar is rare.[25]”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“Endometriosis rarely occurs in the abdominal wall.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [25]
Not checked in the free run.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
- Premisecitation
Majority of reported cases of abdominal wall endometriosis occur in or adjacent to surgical scars, most commonly following caesarean section or hysterectomy.
“Majority of the reported cases have been observed in and adjacent to surgical scars following caesarean sections, hysterectomy, hysterotomy and rarely following surgeries on fallopian tube, appendicectomy, amniocentesis and episiotomy.[8]”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“Majority of abdominal wall endometriosis occur in or adjacent to surgical scars, following caesarean section or hysterectomy.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [8] Goel, 2005, Indian J Med Sci
Not checked in the free run.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
- Premisecitation
The cytological features of scar endometriosis vary with the menstrual cycle, with specific epithelial and stromal changes in proliferative and secretory phases.
“The cytological features of scar endometriosis are related to cyclical hormonal changes. In proliferative phase, the epithelial cells form cohesive sheets of uniform small cells with scant cytoplasm, round to ovoid nuclei with bland chromatin and occasional non-atypical mitosis. During secretory phase, the cell size gradually increases with cytoplasmic microvacuolations. The stromal cells show abu”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [6] Catalina-Fernández, 2007, Acta Cytol
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Smears from endometriomas show varying cellularity comprising epithelial and spindle stromal cells, with variable number of hemosiderin laden macrophages and inflammatory cells.
“Smears from the endometriomas show varying cellularity comprising epithelial and spindle stromal cells, with variable number of hemosiderin laden macrophages and inflammatory cells.[610]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [610]
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
FNAC helps in differentiating scar endometriosis from metastatic disease, desmoid tumor, lipoma, sarcoma, cysts, nodular and proliferative fasciitis, fat necrosis, hematoma or abscess.
“This will help in differentiating it from metastatic disease, desmoid tumor, lipoma, sarcoma, cysts, nodular and proliferative fasciitis, fat necrosis, hematoma or abscess.[56]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [56]
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationcitation
The higher incidence in mid-trimester abortions may be due to pluripotential capability of early deciduas, resulting in cellular replication producing endometriomas.
“The higher incidence in mid-trimester abortions may be due to pluripotential capability of early deciduas, resulting in cellular replication producing endometriomas.[78]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [78]
Not checked in the free run.
- May combine two claims. 14
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 13
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataFNAC smears showed cytological features consistent with endometriosis, and a FNAC diagnosis of endometriosis was offered.
“Based on these features, FNAC diagnosis of endometriosis was offered.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Findingown dataThe patient underwent laparotomy for chronic ectopic 3 years prior.
“She underwent laparotomy for chronic ectopic 3 years prior.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Findingown dataThe patient was a 28-year-old G2P1 female who presented with a painful nodule of 2 years duration over the lower abdominal wall.
“A 28-year-old (G2P1) female presented with a painful nodule of 2 years duration over the lower abdominal wall.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationEndometriosis of the skin and soft tissue constitutes 3.5% cases of extrapelvic endometriosis.
“Endometriosis of the skin and soft tissue constitutes 3.5% cases of extrapelvic endometriosis.[6]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [6] Catalina-Fernández, 2007, Acta Cytol
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationExtrapelvic endometriosis is an uncommon disorder with a prevalence of 8.9-15%.
“Extrapelvic endometriosis is an uncommon disorder with a prevalence of 8.9–15%.[17]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [17]
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationIn a study by Pathan et al., seven cases occurred in caesarean and one occurred in a hysterectomy scar.
“In a study by Pathan et al.,[5] seven cases occurred in caesarean and one occurred in a hysterectomy scar.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [5] Pathan, 2005, Cytopathology
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe treatment of choice is wide local excision.
“The treatment of choice is wide local excision.[67]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [67]
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationCyclicity of symptoms during menstruation is not characteristically seen in all cases, however, if present, is pathognomonic of scar endometriosis.
“Cyclicity of symptoms during menstruation is not characteristically seen in all cases, however, if present, is pathognomonic of scar endometriosis.[1]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [1] Gajjar, 2008, Arch Gynecol Obstet
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe presence of any two of the three components (endometrial glands, stromal cells and hemosiderin laden macrophages) has been used for the cytological diagnosis of endometriosis.
“The presence of any two of the three components (endometrial glands, stromal cells and hemosiderin laden macrophages) has been used for the cytological diagnosis of endometriosis.[5]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [5] Pathan, 2005, Cytopathology
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationHorton et al. reviewed 445 cases of abdominal wall endometriosis, among which 57%, 11% and 12% occurred in scars of caesarean section, hysterectomy and other surgical procedures, respectively; 20% did not occur in the scar but elsewhere such as umbilicus and groin.
“Horton et al.[3] reviewed 445 cases of abdominal wall endometriosis among which 57, 11 and 12% cases occurred in scars of caesarean section, hysterectomy and other surgical procedures, respectively. Twenty percent cases did not occur in the scar but elsewhere such as umbilicus and the groin.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3] Horton, 2008, Am J Surg
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe first case of scar endometriosis was reported by Meyer in 1903.
“The first case of scar endometriosis was reported by Meyer in 1903.[9]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [9] Agarwal, 2010, J Lab Physician
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationBlanco et al. reported 10 cases of scar endometriosis, of which 9 followed caesarean section and one occurred in laparotomy for ectopic pregnancy.
“Blanco et al.[7] reported 10 cases of scar endometriosis of which 9 cases followed caesarean section and one occurred in laparotomy for ectopic pregnancy.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [7] Blanco, 2003, Am J Surg
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe incidence of endometriosis developing in the scar depends on the indication for the original surgery, being 1.08% for mid-trimester abortion and 0.03-0.4% following caesarean sections.
“The incidence of endometriosis developing in the scar depends on the indication for the original surgery, being 1.08% for mid-trimester abortion and 0.03–0.4% following caesarean sections.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [78]
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe imaging modalities are non-specific but useful in determining the extent of the disease and planning of operative resection, especially in recurrent and large lesions.
“The imaging modalities are non-specific but useful in determining the extent of the disease and planning of operative resection, especially in recurrent and large lesions.[7]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [7] Blanco, 2003, Am J Surg
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationSquamous, tubal and mucinous metaplasia and isolated cases of malignant transformation in scar endometriosis have been reported.
“Squamous, tubal and mucinous metaplasia and isolated cases of malignant transformation in scar endometriosis have been reported.[6]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [6] Catalina-Fernández, 2007, Acta Cytol
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningFNAC may be the only diagnostic tool in the evaluation of these lesions, providing rapid and accurate preoperative diagnosis.
“So, FNAC may be the only diagnostic tool in the evaluation of these lesions, providing rapid and accurate preoperative diagnosis.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe interval between onset of symptoms and patient's index surgery varies from 3 months to 10 years.
“The interval between onset of symptoms and patient’s index surgery varies from 3 months to 10 years.[8]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [8] Goel, 2005, Indian J Med Sci
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationClinically, the features diagnostic of scar endometriosis are lump in the scar, pain, increasing size of lump, bleeding and skin discoloration.
“Clinically, the features diagnostic of scar endometriosis are lump in the scar, pain, increasing size of lump, bleeding and skin discoloration.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [1] Gajjar, 2008, Arch Gynecol Obstet
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationClinically, the lesion appears as a firm nodule and hence can be easily evaluated by FNAC.
“Clinically, the lesion appears as a firm nodule and hence can be easily evaluated by FNAC.[7]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [7] Blanco, 2003, Am J Surg
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
Interpretationnone givenPatients usually present 2-5 years following uterine or fallopian tube surgery, with a painful nodule that may become more symptomatic during menstruation.
“Patients usually present 2–5 years following uterine or fallopian tube surgery, with a painful nodule that may become more symptomatic during menstruation.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Interpretationnone givenScar endometriosis is an uncommon condition that primarily affects women of reproductive age.
“Scar endometriosis is an uncommon condition that primarily affects women of reproductive age.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningFNAC is a relatively inexpensive, less traumatic, rapid and accurate diagnostic tool for diagnosis and to rule out other common conditions.
“FNAC is a relatively inexpensive, less traumatic, rapid and accurate diagnostic tool for diagnosis and to rule out other common conditions.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationAbdominal wall musculature involvement requires en bloc resection of the myofascial elements.
“Abdominal wall musculature involvement requires en bloc resection of the myofascial elements.[3]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3] Horton, 2008, Am J Surg
Not checked in the free run.
The paper relies on this without support.
Laparotomy scar endometriosis following salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy has rarely been reported.
“Laparotomy scar endometriosis following salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy has rarely been reported.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The diagnosis of endometriosis might be challenging, and several differential diagnoses might exist for a mass in the abdominal wall, including desmoid tumour, fibrosis, suture granuloma, fat necrosis, nodular fasciitis, and primary or metastatic malignancies.
“The diagnosis of this disease might be challenging and several differential diagnoses might exist for a mass in the abdominal wall, including desmoid tumour, fibrosis, suture granuloma, fat necrosis, nodular fasciitis and primary or metastatic malignancies lesions [15].”
From 5-Year data analysis of patients following abdominal wall endometrioma surgery (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be helpful before surgery and can be used for determining all three criteria of endometriosis.
“Using of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be helpful before the surgery and can be used for determining all three criterion of endometriosis [15]”
From 5-Year data analysis of patients following abdominal wall endometrioma surgery (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
Cites
Abdominal wall endometriosis: a surgeon's perspective and review of 445 cases
Horton, J. D., DeZee, K. J., Ahnfeldt, E. P., & Wagner, M. (2008) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.07.035 · Cited by 391 · cited 5× · see citing works
“[3] Endometriosis in an operative scar is rare.”
InfluentialBlanco, R. G., Parithivel, V. S., Shah, A. K., Gumbs, M. A., Schein, M., & Gerst, P. H. (2003) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(03)00072-2 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Endometriosis - Morphology, clinical presentations and molecular pathology
Agarwal, N., & Subramanian, A. (2010) · Journal of Laboratory Physicians · doi:10.4103/0974-2727.66699 · Cited by 156 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[9] Blanco et al .”
Cytomorphological spectrum in scar endometriosis: a study of eight cases
Pathan, S. K., Kapila, K., Haji, B. E., Mallik, M. K., Alansary, T. A., George, S. S., Das, D. K., & Francis, I. M. (2005) · Cytopathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2303.2004.00218.x · Cited by 74 · cited 5× · see citing works
“[5,8] Endometriosis of the skin and soft tissue constitutes 3.5% cases of extrapelvic endometriosis.”
Influential(2008) · PubMed · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Cesarean scar endometriosis – report of two cases
Goel, P., Sood, S., Romilla, & Dalal, A. (2005) · Indian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/0019-5359.18967 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Endometriosis
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“4-6] In spite of being relatively common, endometriosis remains a diagnostic and therapeutic enigma even today, largely due to its variable presentations.”
InfluentialCaesarean scar endometriosis presenting as an acute abdomen: a case report and review of literature
Gajjar, K. B., Mahendru, A. A., & Khaled, M. A. (2007) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-007-0431-4 · Cited by 34 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, naked stromal nuclei and occasional hemosiderin laden macrophages were present in a hemorrhagic background [Figure 1].”
Moniruddin, A., Raihan, H. M. S., Hasan, T., Ferdous, B., Khan, M. R., & Rouf, M. A. (2022) · KYAMC Journal · doi:10.3329/kyamcj.v12i4.58227 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Immunological Basis of the Endometriosis: The Complement System as a Potential Therapeutic Target
Agostinis, C., Balduit, A., Mangogna, A., Zito, G., Romano, F., Ricci, G., Kishore, U., & Bulla, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.599117 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“The so-called “iatrogenic endometriosis” may occur after operations of the uterine cavity (myomectomy and metroplasty), or in the case of surgical interventions carried out on pelvic organs, which may account for localization at the vulvo-perineal level (17, 18).”
Background5-Year data analysis of patients following abdominal wall endometrioma surgery
Khamechian, T., Alizargar, J., & Mazoochi, T. (2014) · BMC Women's Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-014-0151-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
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Scar endometriosis: Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration
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“Its clinical diagnosis is confused with desmoid tumor, suture granuloma, abscess, hematoma, sarcoma, and metastatic malignancy [32,33].”
BackgroundPrimary umbilical endometriosis: A painful swelling in the umbilicus concomitantly with menstruation
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Scar endometriosis: A series of 3 cases
Tangri, M. K., Lele, P., Bal, H., Tewari, R., & Majhi, D. (2016) · Medical Journal Armed Forces India · doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2016.07.002 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Abdominal Wall Endometrioma: Ultrasonographic Features and Correlation with Clinical Findings
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“Because needle tract endometriosis after amniocentesis has been reported (23), it would be advisable to include the site of aspiration in the field of operative resection.”
BackgroundFine‐needle aspiration cytology of abdominal wall endometriosis
Kim, J. Y., Kwon, J. E., Kim, H. J., et al. (2011) · Diagnostic Cytopathology · doi:10.1002/dc.21779 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Clinical features of patients with endometriosis on the cesarean scar
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Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology of Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: A Meaningful Adjunct to Diagnosis
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Abdominal wall endometriosis: A monocentric continuous series and review of the literature
Çelik, H. G., Karacan, T., Kaya, C., Uhri, M., Şavkli, A. Ö., Bahat, P. Y., Altıntaş, T., Usta, T. A., Polat, İ., Görgen, H., et al. (2019) · Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders · doi:10.1177/2284026519834465 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Katwal, S., Katuwal, S., & Bhandari, S. (2023) · SAGE Open Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1177/2050313x231197009 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cytodiagnosis of scar endometriosis
Poflee, S. V., Bode, A., & Mahana, S. (2014) · CytoJournal · doi:10.4103/1742-6413.126222 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of a cesarean scar endometriosis
Nigam, J. S., Omhare, A., & Sharma, A. (2017) · Tzu Chi Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_37_17 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Diagnosis of scar endometriosis on aspiration cytology and cellblock: Myth or reality
Varshney, B., Bharti, J. N., Boddeda, T. S., & Singh, P. (2021) · Diagnostic Cytopathology · doi:10.1002/dc.24907 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Meyer first reported in 1903 that several theories were proposed regarding its pathogenesis.(4) It includes implantation theory, coelomic metaplasia theory, hematogenous, and lymphatic dissemination theory.”
BackgroundNew alternative for wound protection in laparoscopic colectomy
da Silva, J. J., SILVA, R. M., & COSTA, K. K. (2015) · ABCD Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/s0102-67202015000100016 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Post Hysterectomy Scar Endometriosis: A Case Report
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“[1,8,10] Nuclear atypia may be seen which can result in an inaccurate diagnosis of malignant neoplasm.”
InfluentialSkar Endometriozis İçinde Ektopik Meme Dokusu: Olgu Sunumu
Tok, B., & Güvendi, G. F. (2020) · Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni · doi:10.16948/zktipb.433433
Role of Cytology in Scar Endometriosis: A Case Report
Mazumder, S., Prasath, S., Tummidi, S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_92_23
Surgical exploration of primary umbilical and inguinal canal endometriosis: a cutaneous conundrum
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Skar Endometriozis İçinde Ektopik Meme Dokusu: Olgu Sunumu
Tok, B., & Güvendi, G. F. (2018) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
- Authors
- Pathan, Z. A. K., Dinesh, U., & Rao, R.
- ORCID
- Dinesh, US
- Venue
- Journal of Cytology
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 106
- ISSN
- 0970-9371 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2983076
- OpenAlex
- W4234869260
- Semantic Scholar
- c1b0d9ff990397c2a5b6c87e1ccb09a44470a9f9
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Journal of Cytology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
- Keywords
- scar endometriosis, abdominal wall endometriosis, laparotomy scar, chronic ectopic pregnancy, salpingectomy, fine needle aspiration cytology, excisional biopsy, ectopic pregnancy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-10.
Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-10.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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