Scar endometriosis: A series of 3 cases
Open accessAI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Scar endometriosis is a rare, often diagnostically challenging entity that can present with cyclical pain or swelling at a previous obstetric/gynecological scar. This case series reports three women with post-cesarean scar endometriosis treated by wide local excision, all confirmed by histopathology and asymptomatic on follow-up.
Key findings
- Three women aged 40, 36, and 33 years, with 2, 2, and 1 previous cesarean sections respectively, presented 12, 12, and 2 years after their last surgery with cyclical scar symptoms; all had scar endometriosis in a post-cesarean scar.
- Diagnostic tests were inconsistent: ultrasound localized the lesion in Case 1, was inconclusive in Case 2, and suggested granuloma in Case 3; FNAC in Case 1 was inconclusive; MRI in Case 2 suggested scar endometriosis. Histopathological examination was confirmatory in all three cases.
- Intraoperative findings included masses described as 4 cm × 3 cm densely adherent to the rectus sheath (Case 1), 5 cm × 5 cm invading subcutaneous tissue, rectus sheath, and rectus muscle with chocolate-colored fluid (Case 2), and 3 cm × 3 cm excised with clear margin (Case 3).
- Treatment was wide local excision; Case 2 also required mesh repair. All patients were asymptomatic at follow-up (Case 1 at 2 and 6 months, Case 2 for 2 years, Case 3 for 3 years), with no reported relapse or recurrence.
Methods
- Design: retrospective case series of three patients with scar endometriosis managed at the authors’ hospital.
- Data: clinical history and examination, ultrasound, MRI in one case, FNAC in one case, surgical findings, histopathology, and follow-up.
- Analysis: descriptive reporting of individual cases and a summary table; no comparative or statistical analysis.
Limitations
- The paper does not state limitations.
- Evident from the text: the series includes only three cases, limiting generalizability.
- Evident from the text: imaging and FNAC were not uniformly performed and were often inconclusive, so diagnostic conclusions rely mainly on clinical suspicion and histopathology.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
0 of 13 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Findingown data
In this case series, the time interval between surgery and clinical presentation of scar endometriosis varied from 2 years to 12 years.
“In our case series, this duration varied from 2 years to 12 years.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
All patients in this case series had cyclical variation of their symptoms.
“All our patients had cyclical variation of their symptoms.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
All cases in this series had occurrence of scar endometriosis in a post-cesarean scar.
“All our cases had occurrence of SE in post-cesarean scar.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Histopathological examination has been the only definitive and confirmatory diagnostic tool for all three cases in this series.
“HPE has been the only definitive and confirmatory diagnostic tool for all of our three cases.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- Premisecitation
Endometriosis in operative site scar tissue may present as a discrete painful mass (endometrioma) that can be confused clinically with surgical conditions such as inguinal hernia, incisional hernia, abdominal wall tumor, and stitch granulomas.
“Endometriosis in operative site scar tissue may present as a discrete mass (endometrioma) which may be painful and can be confused clinically with a variety of surgical conditions like inguinal hernia, incisional hernia, abdominal wall tumor, stitch granulomas, etc. 4”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [4] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationown data
Diagnosis of scar endometriosis is often difficult to establish and is purely based on clinical examination and a high degree of suspicion.
“Diagnosis of SE is often difficult to establish and is purely based on clinical examination and a high degree of suspicion.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Computed tomography is a poor imaging modality for scar endometriosis because of lack of resolution and radiation exposure.
“Computed tomography is a poor imaging modality because of the lack of resolution and radiation exposure.12”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [12] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
The major factor attributed to endometrioma development is inadvertent inoculation of endometrial tissue into the incision site.
“Major factor attributed to be responsible for endometrioma development is inadvertent inoculation of endometrial tissue into the incision site.8”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [8] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Recurrence of scar endometriosis can be prevented by excising the lesion along with a histologically proven, surgical-free margin of 1 cm.
“The recurrence can be prevented by excising the lesion along with histologically proven, surgical-free margin of 1 cm.16”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [16] source
Not checked in the free run.
- May combine two claims. 4
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 7
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataMRI was done in only one patient in this series and the radiological feature was consistent with scar endometriosis.
“MRI has been done in only one of our patients and the radiological feature was consistent with SE.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn this case series, surgical treatment was effective with no relapse or recurrence of symptoms.
“We followed up all three cases and found surgical treatment to be effective with no relapse or recurrence of symptoms.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataUltrasound and FNAC did not help in arriving at a diagnosis in this case series.
“Ultrasound and FNAC (done in 1st case) did not help us in arriving at a diagnosis.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationAn increase in the frequency of endometrioma has been reported in proportion to the increasing number of cesarean sections in recent years.
“An increase in the frequency of endometrioma has been reported in proportion to the increasing number of CS in recent years.7”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [7] source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationAbout 20% of cases of scar endometriosis present with a history of variation in pain intensity with the menstrual cycle.
“About 20% of cases present with history of variation in pain intensity with menstrual cycle.9”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [9] source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationKinkel et al. revealed the sensitivity and specificity of MRI in diagnosing endometriomas to be 90-92% and 91-98%, respectively.
“Kinkel et al. revealed the sensitivity and specificity of MRI in diagnosing endometriomas to be 90-92% and 91-98%, respectively.13”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [13] source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationPost-hysterotomy incidence of scar endometriosis is higher possibly due to pluripotential capabilities of early decidua.
“Post-hysterotomy incidence of endometriosis in scar is higher possibly due to pluripotential capabilities of early decidua.3”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3]
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe time interval between surgery and clinical presentation of scar endometriosis varies from 3 months to 10 years.
“The time interval between surgery and clinical presentation varies in different series from 3 months to 10 years.4”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [4] source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationScar endometriosis involving the abdominal wall is distinctly uncommon.
“SE involving the abdominal wall, however, is distinctly uncommon.3,4”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [3]
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [4] source
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningScar endometriosis is a rare clinical entity that often mimics a variety of clinical conditions and hence presents as a diagnostic dilemma.
“SE is a rare clinical entity and often mimics a variety of clinical conditions and hence presents as diagnostic dilemma.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
The paper relies on this without support.
Medical treatment with progestogens, oral contraceptive pills, and danazol is not very effective for scar endometriosis, giving only partial relief and not curing the lesion.
“Medical treatment with the use of progestogens, oral contraceptive pills, and danazol has not been found to be very effective, giving only partial relief and does not cure the lesion.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Good surgical technique and thorough saline wash of the wound during surgery prevent endometrial implantation in the anterior abdominal wall and subsequent scar endometriosis.
“We recommend that good surgical technique and due precautions like thorough saline wash of the wound should be exercised during surgery to avoid endometrial implantation in anterior abdominal wall, which otherwise may lead to SE with its associated morbidity.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The estimated incidence of cesarean scar endometriosis is 0.03-0.4%.
“Cesarean scar endometriosis is the most common abdominal wall endometriosis, with an estimated incidence of 0.03–0.4% [4,5,6,7,8].”
From Scar Endometriosis: A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Medical therapy such as Gn-RH agonist, Progesterone, oral contraceptive pills, and danazol have been tried, but they only allow partial relief and cause recurrence quickly.
“Medical therapy such as Gn-RH agonist, Progesterone, oral contraceptive pills, and danazol have been tried, but they only allow partial relief and cause recurrence quickly [3,6,15].”
From Scar Endometriosis: A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
The definite treatment for scar endometriosis is surgical excision with at least 5-10 mm free margin of surrounding healthy tissue.
“The definite treatment is surgical excision with at least 5–10 mm free margin of surrounding healthy tissue.”
From Scar Endometriosis: A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Ultrasonography, CT, and MRI might help establish a diagnosis and facilitate surgical excision but are not diagnostic.
“Other modalities, such as Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), might help establish a diagnosis and facilitate surgical excision but not diagnostics [3,6,7,14].”
From Scar Endometriosis: A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
The duration for the occurrence of clinical symptoms of scar endometriosis varies from 3 months to 15 years.
“Although the duration for the occurrence of clinical symptoms varies from 3 months to 15 years, in our case, it occurred 8 months after the second LSCS surgery [6].”
From Scar Endometriosis: A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Cesarean scar endometriosis is the most common abdominal wall endometriosis.
“Cesarean scar endometriosis is the most common abdominal wall endometriosis, with an estimated incidence of 0.03–0.4% [4,5,6,7,8].”
From Scar Endometriosis: A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Scar endometriosis is often misdiagnosed as other surgical issues such as incisional hernia, abscess, suture granuloma, abdominal wall tumor, hematoma, or neuroma.
“Due to its nature, it is often misdiagnosed as other surgical issues such as an incisional hernia, abscess, suture granuloma, abdominal wall tumor, hematoma, or neuroma [6,14].”
From Scar Endometriosis: A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
A systematic review comprising 455 AWE patients found that ~80% of the patients had a history of prior surgery, with cesarean sections being the most common.
“A systematic review comprising 455 AWE patients found that ~80% of the patients had a history of prior surgery, with cesarean sections being the most common.”
From Postcesarean section abdominal wall endometriosis: a rare case report (2024) · cites this paper as [9]
MRI and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) are also useful, but the definitive diagnosis can only be confirmed by histopathological examination of the lesion.
“Additionally, MRI and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) are also useful, but the definitive diagnosis can only be confirmed by histopathological examination of the lesion9.”
From Postcesarean section abdominal wall endometriosis: a rare case report (2024) · cites this paper as [9]
The mean time interval between surgery and presentation of AWE was 2-5 years.
“The mean time interval between surgery and presentation of AWE was 2–5 years9.”
From Postcesarean section abdominal wall endometriosis: a rare case report (2024) · cites this paper as [9]
Abdominal ultrasonography (US) or abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans are the most commonly used preoperative diagnostic tools for suspected AWE.
“Abdominal ultrasonography (US) or abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans are the most commonly used preoperative diagnostic tools for suspected AWE.”
From Postcesarean section abdominal wall endometriosis: a rare case report (2024) · cites this paper as [9]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Case 1 examination size differs from Table 1
MinorThe case description measures the umbilical swelling as 1.5 cm by 2 cm, while Table 1 gives the Case 1 examination finding as 1 cm by 2 cm.
“Abdominal examination revealed 1.5 cm  2 cm swelling around umbilicus over previous midline vertical scar”
“1 cm  2 cm indurated”
Case 1 surgical mass size differs from Table 1
MinorThe case description reports a 4 cm by 3 cm mass at surgery; Table 1 reports a 5 cm by 4 cm mass for the same case.
“Intraoperatively, there was 4 cm  3 cm mass densely adherent to the rectus sheath”
“5 cm  4 cm mass dense”
Conflicting accounts of whether ultrasound aided Case 1 diagnosis
MinorThe case description says the diagnosis was based partly on USG findings, but the discussion says ultrasound did not help arrive at the diagnosis.
“Based on the history, clinical, and USG findings, diagnosis of SE was made”
“Ultrasound and FNAC (done in 1st case) did not help us in arriving at a diagnosis.”
Cites
Abdominal wall endometriosis: a surgeon's perspective and review of 445 cases
Horton, J. D., DeZee, K. J., Ahnfeldt, E. P., & Wagner, M. (2008) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.07.035 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Blanco, R. G., Parithivel, V. S., Shah, A. K., Gumbs, M. A., Schein, M., & Gerst, P. H. (2003) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(03)00072-2 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Diagnosis of endometriosis with imaging: a review
Kinkel, K., Frei, K. A., Balleyguier, C., & Chapron, C. (2006) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-005-2882-y · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: Clinical Presentation and Imaging Features with Emphasis on Sonography
Hensen, J.-H. J., Van Breda Vriesman, A. C., & Puylaert, J. B. C. M. (2006) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.04.1619 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Autoimmunity to endometrium and ovary in endometriosis.
MATHUR, S. P., Peress, M. R., Williamson, H. O., YOUMANS, C. D., MANEY, S. A., Garvin, A. J., Rust, P. F., & Fudenberg, H. H. (1982) · PubMed Central · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Abdominal wall endometrioma; a 10-year experience and brief review of the literature.
Bektaş, H., Bilsel, Y., Sarı, Y. S., Ersöz, F., Koç, O., Deniz, M., Boran, B., & Huq, G. E. (2010) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2010.07.043 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Autoimmunity to Endometrium and Ovary in Endometriosis
MATHUR, S. P., Peress, M. R., Williamson, H. O., YOUMANS, C. D., MANEY, S. A., Garvin, A. J., Rust, P. F., & Fudenberg, H. H. (1983) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-198309000-00022 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
(1980) · PubMed · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Abdominal wall endometriosis: 12 years of experience at a large academic institution
Ecker, A. M., Donnellan, N. M., Shepherd, J. P., & Lee, T. T. M. (2014) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2014.04.011 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Miller, W., & Melson, G. (1979) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.132.3.467 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Vellido-Cotelo, R., Muñoz-González, J. L., Oliver-Pérez, M. R., de la Hera-Lázaro, C., Almansa-González, C., Pérez-Sagaseta, C., & Jiménez-López, J. S. (2015) · BMC Women's Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-015-0170-9 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Cesarean scar endometriosis – report of two cases
Goel, P., Sood, S., Romilla, & Dalal, A. (2005) · Indian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/0019-5359.18967 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Mistrangelo, M., Gilbo, N., Cassoni, P., Micalef, S., Faletti, R., Miglietta, C., Brustia, R., Bonnet, G., Gregori, G., & Morino, M. (2014) · Surgery Today · doi:10.1007/s00595-012-0459-3 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Scar endometriosis in the abdominal wall: a predictable condition for experienced surgeons
Akbulut, S., Mahsuni Sevinc, M., Bakir, S., Cakabay, B., & Sezgin, A. (2010) · Acta Chirurgica Belgica · doi:10.1080/00015458.2010.11680621 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Scar endometriosis at the site of cesarean section
Ding, D.-C., & Hsu, S. (2006) · Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s1028-4559(09)60234-5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Pathan, Z. A. K., Dinesh, U., & Rao, R. (2010) · Journal of Cytology · doi:10.4103/0970-9371.71877 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Clinical characteristic analysis of 32 patients with abdominal incision endometriosis
Zhu, Z., Al-Beiti, M. A. M., Tang, L., Liu, X., & Lu, X. (2008) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1080/01443610802463744 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cutaneous endometriosis: a combination of medical and surgical treatment
Wang, S.-K., Lee, M.-W., Choi, J., et al. (2002) · Journal of Dermatological Treatment · doi:10.1080/09546630212345677 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 19 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: A Case Report
Saliba, C., Jaafoury, H., Hajj, M. E., et al. (2019) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.4061 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A case of scar endometriosis in cesarean scar: A rare case report
Poudel, D., Acharya, K., Dahal, S., & Adhikari, A. (2023) · International Journal of Surgery Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107852 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“which explains that iatrogenic implantation of hormone sensitive endometrial tissue to the edge of wound during the abdominal or pelvic surgery followed by hormone mediated changes in those implanted tissue causes endometriosis [1,2,7].”
BackgroundInfluentialScar Endometriosis: A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain
Nepali, R., Upadhyaya Kafle, S., Pradhan, T., & Dhamala, J. N. (2022) · Dermatopathology · doi:10.3390/dermatopathology9020020 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Al Hoshan, M. S., & Shaikh, A. A. (2023) · American Journal of Case Reports · doi:10.12659/ajcr.940200 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose iatrogenic scar endometriosis in women who present with abdominal pain and have a history of any abdominal surgeries [9].”
BackgroundWasserman, P. L., Kurra, C., Taylor, K., Wells, B., Sharma, A., & Leon, A. (2018) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.3778 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Abdominal wall endometriosis in a cesarean scar: a case report
Aljbawi, M., Redan, L., Al-Bitar, A., & Saghier, E. (2025) · Journal of Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1186/s13256-025-05301-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…in women with cyclical pain and a history of abdominal surgery—is critical to guide timely histopathologic confirmation and intervention [15] Here, we present a case of cesarean scar endometriosis in a 25-year-old patient, highlighting the diagnostic pit-falls, multimodal imaging…”
Abdominal scar endometriosis: A case report and review of literature
Sharmila, V., Kamatham, V., & Shankaralingappa, A. (2022) · Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology · doi:10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_460_22 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Endometriosis of the surgical scar of the anterior abdominal wall. Case report
Baklygina, E. A., Pchelintsev, V. V., Pristupa, E. M., et al. (2023) · GYNECOLOGY · doi:10.26442/20795696.2023.1.201877 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Abdominal wall endometriosis in cesarean scar: A case report
Kyejo, W., Moshi, B., Massanga, E., Ntiyakunze, G., Mgonja, M., Kaguta, M., & Mdachi, E. (2024) · SAGE Open Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1177/2050313x241237333 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Postcesarean section abdominal wall endometriosis: a rare case report
Ibrahim, R., Fadel, A., & Dika, Z. (2024) · Annals of Medicine & Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000002468 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The mean time interval between surgery and presentation of AWE was 2 – 5 years [9] .”
BackgroundAnterior Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: A Series of Case Reports
Baklygina, E. A., Pchelintsev, V. V., & Markin, A. V. (2024) · I P Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald · doi:10.17816/pavlovj109638 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mannan, A., Soomro, S. A., Kumari, A., et al. (2022) · International Surgery Journal · doi:10.18203/2349-2902.isj20221419 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rupture of a Giant Caesarean Scar Endometriosis Nodule - A Case Report and Literature Review
Arora, B. K. (2017) · JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS AND STUDIES · doi:10.15744/2348-9820.5.101
Semaan, C. A., Chamoun, A., Ghauch, J., & Hamdar, H. (2023) · Electronic Journal of Medical and Dental Studies · doi:10.29333/ejmds/12813
Scar Endometriosis-A Case Series of 8 Cases of this Rare Entity
Raj, M., anya, S., & Roshini, S. (2023) · International Journal of Medical Science · doi:10.14445/23939117/ijms-v10i6p105
PURULENT-INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS AND POSTOPERATIVE HERNIAS AFTER CESAREAN SECTION
Ivachev, A. S., Митрошин, А. Н., Boyarchenko, E. M., & Ivacheva, N. A. (2024) · Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal · doi:10.34014/2227-1848-2024-2-90-107
Uncommon presentation of an abdominal wall tumor
Vega, M., Reithofer, N., Giulini, L., Tihanyi, Z., Sauseng, S., Gabor, S., Niernberger, T., & Kornprat, P. (2025) · European surgery. Supplement/European surgery · doi:10.1007/s10353-025-00859-0
Sanjay Kumar, S., R, S. H., Nandesh Mohan, P., et al. (2025) · International Ayurvedic Medical Journal · doi:10.46607/iamj3413122025
- Authors
- Tangri, M. K., Lele, P., Bal, H., Tewari, R., & Majhi, D.
- Affiliations
- Southern Command Hospital (IN)
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (IN)
- Armed Forces Medical College (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Tangri, M.K.
- Venue
- Medical Journal Armed Forces India
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- Suppl 1
- Pages
- S185-S188
- ISSN
- 0377-1237 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5192233
- OpenAlex
- W2508081071
- Semantic Scholar
- dcff1245bacdc25b1c268f5a29e1203a8f1c9c24
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Medical Journal Armed Forces India (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- scar endometriosis, cesarean section scar, abdominal wall mass, dysmenorrhea, surgical gloves, surgical site complications, surgical excision
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-10.
Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-10.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
