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The role of estradiol in male reproductive function
Open accessAbstract
Traditionally, testosterone and estrogen have been considered to be male and female sex hormones, respectively. However, estradiol, the predominant form of estrogen, also plays a critical role in male sexual function. Estradiol in men is essential for modulating libido, erectile function, and spermatogenesis. Estrogen receptors, as well as aromatase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen, are abundant in brain, penis, and testis, organs important for sexual function. In the brain, estradiol synthesis is increased in areas related to sexual arousal. In addition, in the penis, estrogen receptors are found throughout the corpus cavernosum with high concentration around neurovascular bundles. Low testosterone and elevated estrogen increase the incidence of erectile dysfunction independently of one another. In the testes, spermatogenesis is modulated at every level by estrogen, starting with the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, followed by the Leydig, Sertoli, and germ cells, and finishing with the ductal epithelium, epididymis, and mature sperm. Regulation of testicular cells by estradiol shows both an inhibitory and a stimulatory influence, indicating an intricate symphony of dose-dependent and temporally sensitive modulation. Our goal in this review is to elucidate the overall contribution of estradiol to male sexual function by looking at the hormone's effects on erectile function, spermatogenesis, and libido.
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“The hyperestrogenism decreases lutein hormone (LH) pituitary secretion through a negative feedback action that impairs the synthesis and production of testosterone from Leydig cells [16].”
From MOSH Syndrome (Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism): Clinical Assessment and Possible Therapeutic Approaches (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ramasamy, R., Schulster, M., & Bernie, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ramasamy, Ranjith
- ORCID
- Ramasamy, Ranjith
- Venue
- Asian Journal of Andrology
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 435
- ISSN
- 1008-682X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4854098
- OpenAlex
- W2339490711
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Asian Journal of Andrology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- estradiol, male reproductive function, erectile function, erectile dysfunction, spermatogenesis, sexual desire, estrogen receptor, aromatase, testosterone, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, corpus cavernosum, sexual arousal
- MeSH terms
- Aromatase, Estradiol, Germ Cells, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Leydig Cells, Libido, Male, Penile Erection, Sertoli Cells, Spermatogenesis, Testis, Testosterone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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