Effects of topical and systemic administration of Eugenia caryophyllata buds essential oil on corneal anesthesia and analgesia
Open accessAbstract
Clinical studies suggest that essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove) buds (EOEC) is efficacious in the treatment of dental pain. In the present study, we investigated the analgesic and local anesthetic effects of EOEC and its possible mechanisms of action in acute corneal pain in rats. EOEC was extracted by hydro-distillation in a Clevenger type apparatus from clove buds. The acute corneal pain was induced by applying a drop (40 µl) of 5 M NaCl solution on the corneal surface, and the numbers of eye wipes were counted during the first 30 s. The mechanical sensation of the cornea was evaluated by calibrated Von Frey filaments. Systemic administration of EOEC (100 and 200 mg/kg, SC) and morphine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg, IP) produced a significant antinociceptive effect in acute corneal pain. Pretreatment with naloxone or atropine prevented the EOEC-induced analgesia. However, L-arginine and methylene blue did not change the suppressive effect of EOEC on corneal pain response. Topical application of EOEC, eugenol and lidocaine significantly decreased corneal sensitivity. Combination treatments of eugenol (25 µg) with lidocaine (0.5%) and EOEC (50 µg) with lidocaine (0.5%) also significantly suppressed corneal sensitivity. Systemic administration of EOEC produced analgesia in the acute corneal pain through mechanisms that involved both opioidergic and cholinergic systems. In addition, topical instillation of EOEC, eugenol, and lidocaine produced local anesthesia in the rat cornea. Sub-anesthetic doses of EOEC or eugenol produced a significant local anesthetic effect when concurrently used with the sub-anesthetic dose of lidocaine.
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Inhibition of voltage-gated Na+ channels modulates the analgesic effects of eugenol.
“The inhibition of voltage-gated Na+ channels modulate the analgesic effects of eugenol.”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
The Discussion says eugenol’s analgesic effects *may* be modulated by inhibition of voltage-gated Na+ channels. The citing sentence presents that proposed mechanism as established, whereas the source qualifies it as a possibility. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCEO and eugenol are safe, effective, and inexpensive analgesics, and the analgesic effect of eugenol in different pain models has been well documented.
“The CEO and eugenol are safe, effective, and inexpensive analgesics, and the analgesic effect of eugenol in different pain models has been well documented [28].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
The Discussion reports an antinociceptive effect of clove-bud essential oil in a rat corneal-pain model and describes eugenol as a known analgesic, citing findings from other pain models. The Introduction discusses fewer adverse effects of herbal therapies generally, but the paper does not establish that both the oil and eugenol are safe or inexpensive analgesics. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEugenol induces activation of transient receptor potential cation channel V1 (TRPV1), an effect similar to local anesthetics such as lidocaine.
“Eugenol induces the activation of transient receptor potential cation channel V1 (TRPV1), an effect similar to local anesthetics such as lidocaine [28].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Khalilzadeh, E., Hazrati, R., & Saiah, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Tabriz (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Khalilzadeh, Emad
- Venue
- Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Publisher
- Medknow
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 293
- ISSN
- 1735-5362 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5022377
- OpenAlex
- W2512258802
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
- Keywords
- Syzygium aromaticum, corneal pain, local anesthesia, eugenol, lidocaine, cholinergic mechanisms, naloxone, atropine, dental pain, antinociception
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